I-AIoT Research Institute ishicilele umbiko ohlobene ne-IoT yeselula - "Umbiko Wocwaningo Lwemakethe lwe-Cellular IoT Series LTE Cat.1/LTE Cat.1 bis (Uhlelo luka-2023)". Ngenxa yokushintsha kwamanje kwemboni emibonweni ngemodeli ye-IoT yeselula kusukela "kwimodeli yephiramidi" kuya "kwimodeli yeqanda", i-AIoT Research Institute iveza ukuqonda kwayo:
Ngokusho kwe-AIoT, "imodeli yeqanda" ingasebenza kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, futhi isisekelo sayo singengxenye yokuxhumana esebenzayo. Uma i-IoT engasebenzi, nayo ethuthukiswa yi-3GPP, ifakiwe engxoxweni, isidingo samadivayisi axhunyiwe okuxhumana nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana sisalandela umthetho "wemodeli yepiramidi" ngokujwayelekile.
Izindinganiso kanye Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezimboni Kuqhuba Intuthuko Esheshayo Ye-Cellular Passive IoT
Uma kukhulunywa nge-IoT engasebenzi, ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-IoT obungasebenzi bubangele isiphithiphithi esikhulu lapho buvela, ngoba abudingi izici zokuphakelwa kwamandla, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo eziningi zokuxhumana ezinamandla aphansi, i-RFID, i-NFC, i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, i-LoRa kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana benza izixazululo ezingasebenzi, kanti i-IoT engasebenzi esekelwe kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana yeselula yaphakanyiswa okokuqala yi-Huawei ne-China Mobile ngoJuni ngonyaka odlule, futhi ngaleso sikhathi yayaziwa nangokuthi "i-eIoT". Yaziwa ngokuthi "i-eIoT", umgomo oyinhloko ubuchwepheshe be-RFID. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi i-eIoT iqukethe ukumbozwa kohlelo lokusebenza olubanzi, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwesekwa kwemisebenzi esekelwe endaweni, okuvumela ukuxhumana kwendawo/indawo yonke kanye nezinye izici, ukugcwalisa iningi lamaphutha obuchwepheshe be-RFID.
Amazinga
Umkhuba wokuhlanganisa i-IoT engasebenzi kanye namanethiwekhi eselula uthole ukunakwa okwengeziwe, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni kancane kancane kocwaningo lwezindinganiso ezifanele, futhi abameleli nochwepheshe abafanele be-3GPP sebeqalile kakade umsebenzi wokucwaninga nowokulinganisa i-IoT engasebenzi.
Le nhlangano izothatha i-cellular passive njengommeleli wobuchwepheshe obusha be-IOT obungenamsebenzi ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe be-5G-A, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi yakhe indinganiso yokuqala ye-IOT engasebenzi esekwe kunethiwekhi yeselula kunguqulo ye-R19.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha be-IoT obungenamsebenzi baseShayina bungene esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwezindinganiso kusukela ngo-2016, futhi okwamanje busheshisa ukuze buthathe indawo ephezulu yobuchwepheshe obusha be-IoT obungenamsebenzi.
- Ngo-2020, iphrojekthi yokuqala yocwaningo lwasekhaya mayelana nobuchwepheshe obusha beselula obungasebenzi, "Ucwaningo Ngezidingo Zohlelo Lokusebenza Lwe-Passive IoT Ngokusekelwe Ekukhulumisaneni Kweselula", oluholwa yi-China Mobile e-CCSA, kanye nomsebenzi wokusungulwa kwezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ohlobene nawo wenziwe e-TC10.
- Ngo-2021, iphrojekthi yocwaningo ethi "Environmental Energy Based IoT Technology" eholwa yi-OPPO futhi yahlanganyelwa yi-China Mobile, i-Huawei, i-ZTE kanye ne-Vivo yenziwa ku-3GPP SA1.
- Ngo-2022, i-China Mobile kanye ne-Huawei baphakamise iphrojekthi yocwaningo nge-cellular passive IoT ye-5G-A ku-3GPP RAN, eyaqala inqubo yokubeka amazinga omhlaba wonke ye-cellular passive.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Kwezimboni
Njengamanje, imboni entsha yomhlaba wonke ye-IOT engasebenzi isesencane, futhi amabhizinisi aseShayina ahola ngenkuthalo ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezimboni. Ngo-2022, i-China Mobile yethule umkhiqizo omusha we-IOT engasebenzi "i-eBailing", onebanga lokuqashelwa elingamamitha ayi-100 kudivayisi eyodwa, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, isekela ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kwamadivayisi amaningi, futhi ingasetshenziswa ekuphathweni okuhlanganisiwe kwezinto, izimpahla kanye nabantu ezimweni zangaphakathi eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu. Ingasetshenziswa ekuphathweni okuphelele kwezimpahla, izimpahla, kanye nabasebenzi ezigcawini zangaphakathi eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu.
Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, ngokusekelwe ochungechungeni lwe-Pegasus lwama-passive IoT tag chips athuthukiswe ngokwayo, i-Smartlink yaphumelela ukufeza i-passive IoT chip yokuqala emhlabeni kanye ne-5G base station intermodulation yokuxhumana, yabeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthengiswa okulandelayo kobuchwepheshe obusha be-passive IoT.
Amadivayisi e-IoT avamile adinga amabhethri noma izinsiza zikagesi ukuze aqhube ukuxhumana kwawo kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha. Lokhu kunciphisa izimo zokusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nokuthembeka kwawo, kuyilapho kwandisa izindleko zamadivayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe be-Passive IoT bunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zamadivayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa amandla omsakazo endaweni ezungezile ukushayela ukuxhumana kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha. I-5.5G izosekela ubuchwepheshe be-IoT obungasebenzi, ilethe ububanzi obubanzi nobubanzi bezimo zezicelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT ezinkulu zesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-passive IoT bungasetshenziswa emakhaya ahlakaniphile, ezimbonini ezihlakaniphile, emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, nakwezinye izindawo ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa kwedivayisi kanye nezinsizakalo ezisebenza kahle nezihlakaniphile.
Ingabe i-IoT yeselula engasebenzi isiqala ukungena emakethe encane engenantambo?
Ngokuphathelene nokuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, i-IoT engasebenzisi i-passive ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivuthiwe ezimelelwa yi-RFID ne-NFC, kanye nemizila yocwaningo lwethiyori eqoqa amandla esignali kusuka ku-5G, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-LoRa kanye nezinye izimpawu kuya kuma-terminal kagesi.
Ngisho noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT ezingasebenzi zeselula ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana beselula njenge-5G zisencane, amandla azo akufanele anganakwa, futhi zinezinzuzo eziningi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza:
Okokuqala, isekela amabanga amade okuxhumana. I-RFID yendabuko engasebenzi ebangeni elide, njengebanga elingamashumi amamitha, bese kuthi amandla akhishwa ngumfundi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa, awakwazi ukwenza kusebenze ithegi ye-RFID, futhi i-IoT engasebenzi esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-5G ingaba ibanga elide ukusuka esiteshini sesisekelo.
ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo.
Okwesibili, inganqoba izindawo zohlelo lokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, insimbi, uketshezi lokudlulisela isignali phakathi komthelela omkhulu, ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-5G i-Internet yezinto ezingasebenzi, ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzayo ingabonisa ikhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, ithuthukise izinga lokuqashelwa.
Okwesithathu, ingqalasizinda ephelele. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT ezingasebenzi zamaselula azidingi ukusetha umfundi ozinikele owengeziwe, futhi zingasebenzisa ngqo inethiwekhi ye-5G ekhona, uma kuqhathaniswa nesidingo somfundi neminye imishini efana ne-RFID yendabuko engasebenzi, i-chip ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kulula futhi.
njengoba izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda yesistimu nazo zinenzuzo enkulu.
Ngokombono wesicelo, ku-C-terminal ingenza isibonelo, ukuphathwa kwempahla yomuntu siqu kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ilebula linganamathiselwa ngqo empahleni yomuntu siqu, lapho kukhona isiteshi esiyisisekelo singasetshenziswa futhi sifakwe kunethiwekhi; izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-B-terminal ekugcinweni kwempahla, ezokuthutha,
ukuphathwa kwempahla nokunye akuyona inkinga, lapho i-chip yeselula ye-IoT engasebenzi ihlanganiswa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa ezingasebenzi, ukuze kufezwe izinhlobo eziningi zedatha (isibonelo, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukushisa), kanye nedatha eqoqwe izodluliselwa eziteshini zesisekelo ze-5G kunethiwekhi yedatha,
okuvumela ububanzi obubanzi bezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT. Lokhu kunezinga eliphezulu lokufana nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-IoT ezingasebenzi ezikhona.
Ngokombono wentuthuko yentuthuko yezimboni, yize i-cellular passive IoT isesencane, isivinini sentuthuko yale mboni besilokhu simangalisa. Ezindabeni zamanje, kunezinye iziphuphu ze-passive IoT ezivele.
- Abacwaningi beMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) bamemezele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chip entsha besebenzisa ibhendi yemvamisa ye-terahertz, i-chip njenge-wake-up receiver, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kungama-micro-watts ambalwa kuphela, ingakwazi ukusekela ukusebenza kahle kwezinzwa ezincane, futhi
ukwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto.
- Ngokusekelwe ochungechungeni lwe-Pegasus oluzithuthukisile lwama-tag e-IoT angasebenzi, i-Smartlink iphumelele ekutholeni i-chip yokuqala ye-IoT engasebenzi emhlabeni kanye nokuxhumana kwesiteshi se-5G base station.
Ekuphetheni
Kunezisho ezithi i-Internet of Things engasebenzisi lutho, naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwamakhulu ezigidigidi zokuxhumeka, isimo samanje, ijubane lentuthuko libonakala lincipha, enye ibangelwa ukulinganiselwa kwendawo eguquguqukayo, okuhlanganisa ukudayisa, ukugcina impahla, ukuthutha kanye nokunye okuqondile.
izinhlelo zokusebenza zishiywe emakethe yamasheya; okwesibili kungenxa yemingcele yendabuko yebanga lokuxhumana le-RFID kanye nezinye izithiyo zobuchwepheshe, okuholela ebunzimeni bokwandisa ububanzi bezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, ngokufakwa kokuxhumana kwamaselula.
ubuchwepheshe, bangase bakwazi ukushintsha lesi simo ngokushesha, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokusebenza oluhlukahlukene kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-21-2023