Izinga Elisha Lokuncintisana

(Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko, izingcaphuno ezivela ku-ZigBee Resource Guide.)

Indlela uhlobo lokuncintisana olunamandla ngayo. I-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, kanye ne-Thread konke kugxile ku-IoT enamandla aphansi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lezi zindinganiso zibe nezinzuzo zokubheka ukuthi yini esebenze kahle nokuthi yini engasebenzi kahle ku-ZigBee, okwandisa amathuba azo okuphumelela nokunciphisa isikhathi esidingekayo sokuthuthukisa ikhambi elisebenzayo.

Intambo yaklanywa kusukela phansi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-IoT evinjelwe imithombo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, i-topology ye-mesh, ukwesekwa kwe-IP yemvelo, kanye nokuphepha okuhle yizici ezibalulekile zendinganiso. Njengoba yakhiwe ngabaningi abavame ukuthatha okungcono kakhulu kwe-ZigBee futhi bayithuthukise. Isihluthulelo sesu le-Thread ukusekelwa kwe-IP kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni futhi lokho kusho ukuthi ikhaya elihlakaniphile, kodwa asikho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi izophelela lapho uma iphumelela.

I-Bluetooth ne-Wi-Fi kungenzeka kube yinto ekhathaza kakhulu i-ZigBee. I-Bluetooth yaqala ukulungiselela ukubhekana nemakethe ye-IoT okungenani eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule lapho ifaka i-Bluetooth Low Energy kunguqulo 4.0 yencazelo eyinhloko futhi kamuva kulo nyaka ukubuyekezwa kwe-5.0 kuzokwengeza ububanzi nesivinini esandisiwe, kuxazululwe amaphutha abalulekile. Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Blurtooth SIG izokwethula amazinga okuxhumana kwe-mesh, azohambisana ne-silicon eyenzelwe inguqulo engu-4.0 ye-spec. Imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi inguqulo yokuqala ye-Blurtooth mesh izoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa amanzi njengokukhanyisa, imakethe yokuqala ye-Bluetooth Mesh. Inguqulo yesibili ye-mesh standard izokwengeza ikhono lokuhambisa, ivumele ama-node amaqabunga anamandla aphansi ukuthi ahlale elele ngenkathi amanye ama-node (ngethemba ukuthi asebenzisa amandla amakhulu) enza ukuphathwa kwemiyalezo.

I-Wi-Fi Alliance isiphuze kakhulu eqenjini le-IoT elinamandla aphansi, kodwa njenge-Blurtooth, inokuqashelwa komkhiqizo okubanzi kanye nesistimu enkulu yokusiza ukuyisheshisa ngokushesha. I-Wi-Fi Alliance yamemezela i-Halow, eyakhelwe kumazinga e-sub-Ghz 802.11ah, ngoJanuwari 2016 njengokungena kwayo ezindinganisweni ze-IoT ezigcwele abantu. I-Holaw inezinkinga ezinkulu okufanele izinqobe. Imininingwane ye-802.11ah ayikavunywa futhi uhlelo lokuqinisekisa i-Halow alulindelekile kuze kube ngu-2018, ngakho-ke iseminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kwezindinganiso ezincintisanayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze isebenzise amandla esistimu ye-Wi-Fi, i-Halow idinga isisekelo esikhulu sezindawo zokufinyelela ze-Wi-Fi ezisekela i-802.11ah. Lokho kusho ukuthi abenzi bamasango e-broadband, ama-router angenantambo, kanye nezindawo zokufinyelela kudingeka bangeze ibhendi entsha ye-spectrum emikhiqizweni yabo, benezela izindleko kanye nobunzima. Futhi ama-sub-Ghz bands awafani ne-2.4GHz band, ngakho abakhiqizi kuzodingeka baqonde izici ezilawulayo zamazwe amaningi emikhiqizweni yabo. Ingabe lokho kuzokwenzeka? Mhlawumbe. Ingabe kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi ukuze i-Halow iphumelele? Isikhathi sizokutshela.

Abanye bayayilahla i-Bluetooth ne-Wi-Fi njengezindlela zokuxhumana zakamuva emakethe abangayazi futhi abangahlomele ukuyixazulula. Lelo yiphutha. Umlando wokuxhumana ugcwele izindinganiso ezikhona, eziphakeme kwezobuchwepheshe eziye zaba neshwa lokuba sendleleni ye-homoth yokuxhumana efana ne-Ethernrt, i-USB, i-Wi-Fi, noma i-Bluetooth. Lezi "zinhlobo ezihlaselayo" zisebenzisa amandla esisekelo sazo esifakiwe ukuze zithole inzuzo yokuncintisana ezimakethe eziseduze, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezimbangi zazo futhi zisebenzisa umnotho wezinga ukuze ziqede ukuphikiswa. (Njengomvangeli wangaphambili we-FireWire, umbhali uyazi kahle nge-dynamics.)