Umbhali:梧桐
Ngokusho kwe-Bluetooth SIG, i-Bluetooth version 5.4 ikhishwe, iletha indinganiso entsha yamathegi entengo kagesi. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlobene, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithegi yentengo kunethiwekhi eyodwa ingandiswa ibe ngu-32640, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isango lingafeza ukuxhumana okubili nethegi yentengo.
Lezi zindaba zenza abantu bazibuze imibuzo embalwa: Yiziphi izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ku-Bluetooth entsha? Iyini ithonya ekusetshenzisweni kwamathegi entengo kagesi? Ingabe izoshintsha iphethini yezimboni ekhona? Okulandelayo, leli phepha lizoxoxa ngezinkinga ezingenhla, umkhuba wentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo yamathegi entengo kagesi.
Futhi, Qaphela Ithegi Lentengo Ye-elekthronikhi
Ithegi yentengo kagesi, idivayisi yokubonisa iphepha le-LCD kanye ne-elekthronikhi enomsebenzi wokuthumela nokwamukela ulwazi, ngokuxhumana okungenantambo ukuze kufezwe ushintsho lolwazi lwethegi yentengo. Ngenxa yokuthi ingathatha indawo yethegi yentengo yendabuko, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi (ithegi yentengo kagesi yesikrini se-inki enamabhethri ama-2 inkinobho ingafinyelela iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 yokukhuthazela), iyathandwa iningi labakhiqizi bezitolo. Njengamanje, isetshenziswe kabanzi emikhiqizweni yebhizinisi eyaziwayo yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe njengeWal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home njalo njalo.
Futhi ithegi yentengo kagesi akuyona nje ithegi, kodwa uhlelo lonke olungemuva kwayo. Ngokuvamile, uhlelo lwethegi yentengo kagesi luhlanganisa izingxenye ezine: ithegi yentengo kagesi (ESL), isiteshi sesisekelo esingenantambo (ESLAP), ithegi yentengo kagesi uhlelo lwe-SaaS kanye netheminali ephathwayo (PDA).
Isimiso sokusebenza salolu hlelo yilesi: ukuvumelanisa ulwazi lwezimpahla kanye nentengo epulatifomu yamafu ye-SaaS, bese uthumela ulwazi kuthegi yentengo kagesi ngesiteshi sesisekelo se-ESL. Ngemva kokuthola ulwazi, ithegi yentengo ingabonisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezimpahla njengegama, intengo, imvelaphi kanye nokucaciswa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokufanayo, ulwazi lomkhiqizo lungashintshwa futhi ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngokuskena ikhodi yomkhiqizo nge-PDA yesiphelo esiphathwayo.
Phakathi kwazo, ukudluliswa kolwazi kuncike kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo. Njengamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumathegi entengo kagesi: i-433 MHz, i-2.4GHz yangasese, i-Bluetooth, futhi ngayinye yalezi zindlela ezintathu inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Bluetooth ingenye yezindlela ezijwayelekile, kodwa empeleni, emakethe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Bluetooth kanye ne-protocol yangasese ye-2.4GHz cishe kuyafana. Kodwa manje i-Bluetooth yethegi yentengo kagesi ukusungula indinganiso entsha, akunzima ukuyibona, iwukubamba ithegi yentengo kagesi kulolu hlelo lokusebenza kabanzi.
Yini entsha nge-Bluetooth ESL standard?
Njengamanje, irediyasi yokumbozwa kweziteshi zesisekelo se-ESL iphakathi kwamamitha angu-30-40, futhi inani eliphakeme lamathegi angafakwa lihluka kusuka ku-1000-5000. Kodwa ngokusho kwenguqulo yakamuva ye-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, ngaphansi kokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha, inethiwekhi ingaxhuma amadivayisi e-ESL angu-32,640, ngaphezu kokufezwa kwamadivayisi e-ESL kanye nokuxhumana kwesango eliya ngezindlela ezimbili.
I-Bluetooth 5.4 ibuyekeza izici ezimbili ezihlobene namathegi entengo kagesi:
1. Ukukhangiswa Kwezikhathi Ezithile Okunezimpendulo (i-PAwR, ukukhangiswa kwezikhathi ezithile okunezimpendulo)
I-PAwR izovumela ukusetshenziswa kwenethiwekhi yezinkanyezi enokuxhumana okubili, isici esandisa ikhono lamadivayisi e-ESL lokuthola idatha nokuphendula kumthumeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi e-ESL angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amaningi, futhi idivayisi ngayinye ye-ESL inekheli elithile lokukhulisa ukuxhumana nokuvumela ukuxhumana komuntu nomuntu nomuntu nomuntu.
Esithombeni, i-AP iyisakazi se-PAwR; i-ESL iyithegi yentengo kagesi (eye-GRPS ehlukene, enama-id ahlukene); i-subevent iyi-subevent; i-rsp slot iyi-respond slot. Esifanekisweni, umugqa omnyama ovundlile uyi-AP ethumela imiyalo namaphakethe ku-ESL, kanti umugqa obomvu ovundlile uyi-ESL ephendula futhi ebuyisela ku-AP.
Ngokusho kwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, i-ESL isebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka ikheli ledivayisi (olunezinambambili) oluqukethe ama-id e-ESL angu-8-bit kanye nama-id eqembu angu-7-bit. Futhi i-ESL ID ihlukile emaqenjini ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yedivayisi ye-ESL ingaqukatha amaqembu afinyelela ku-128, ngalinye lawo lingaqukatha amadivayisi e-ESL ahlukile afinyelela ku-255 amalungu eqembu. Ngamagama alula, kungaba namadivayisi e-ESL angu-32,640 aphelele kunethiwekhi, futhi ilebula ngayinye ingalawulwa kusukela endaweni yokufinyelela eyodwa.
2. Idatha Yokukhangisa Ebethelwe (i-EAD, idatha yokusakaza ebethelwe)
I-EAD ihlinzeka kakhulu ngemisebenzi yokubethela idatha yokusakaza. Ngemva kokuba idatha yokusakaza ibethelwe, ingamukelwa yinoma iyiphi idivayisi, kodwa ingasuswa kuphela futhi iqinisekiswe yidivayisi eyayihlanganyela ukhiye wokuxhumana ngaphambilini. Inzuzo ebalulekile yalesi sici ukuthi okuqukethwe kwamaphakethe okusakaza kuyashintsha njengoba ikheli ledivayisi lishintsha, okunciphisa amathuba okulandelela.
Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezimbili ezingenhla zesibuyekezo, i-Bluetooth izoba nenzuzo kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-sitika ze-elekthronikhi. Ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-433MHz kanye ne-2.4GHz yangasese, azinazo izindinganiso zokuxhumana zomhlaba wonke ezisebenzayo, ukusebenza kahle, ukuzinza, ukuphepha akunakuqinisekiswa kangcono, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuphepha, amathuba okuthola ulwazi azoba makhulu.
Ngokufika kwendinganiso entsha, imboni yentengo kagesi ingase ilethe izinguquko ezithile, ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi bemojula yokuxhumana kanye nabahlinzeki bezixazululo abasezindaweni eziphakathi zochungechunge lwezimboni. Kubakhiqizi bezixazululo ze-Bluetooth, ukuthi basekele yini izibuyekezo ze-OTA zemikhiqizo ethengisiwe nokuthi bafake i-Bluetooth 5.4 emgqeni womkhiqizo omusha kuwumbuzo okufanele ucatshangelwe. Futhi kubakhiqizi bezinhlelo ezingezona eze-Bluetooth, ukuthi bashintshe yini uhlelo oluyinhloko ukuze basebenzise i-Bluetooth nakho kuyinkinga.
Kodwa-ke futhi, imakethe yentengo kagesi ithuthuka kanjani namuhla, futhi yiziphi izinkinga?
Isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yethegi yentengo kagesi kanye nobunzima
Njengamanje, ngokuthunyelwa kwayo okuhlobene nephepha le-elektroniki embonini ekhuphukayo kungaziwa, ukuthunyelwa kwentengo ye-elekthronikhi kuqede ukukhula konyaka nonyaka.
Ngokusho kwe-Global ePaper Market Analysis Quarterly Report yeLotu, amamojula ephepha ayizigidi ezingu-190 athunyelwe emhlabeni jikelele kumakota amathathu okuqala ka-2022, okwenyuke ngo-20.5% kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Ngokuphathelene nemikhiqizo yephepha le-elekthronikhi, ukuthunyelwa kwamalebula e-elekthronikhi emhlabeni jikelele kumakota amathathu okuqala kufinyelele izingcezu eziyizigidi ezingu-180, kanye nokukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-28.6%.
Kodwa ama-e-tag manje abhekene nobunzima ekutholeni inani elikhuphukayo. Njengoba amalebula kagesi ebonakala ngokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo, kuzothatha okungenani iminyaka emi-5-10 ukuwashintsha, ngakho-ke ngeke kube khona ukushintshwa kwesitoko esikhathini eside, ngakho-ke singabheka kuphela imakethe ekhuphukayo. Nokho, inkinga ukuthi abathengisi abaningi bayanqikaza ukushintshela kuma-tag entengo kagesi. “Abanye abathengisi bebenqikaza ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ESL ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuvalelwa kwabathengisi, ukusebenzisana, ukukhulisa kanye nekhono lokubukhulisa kwezinye izinhlelo zokuthengisa ezihlakaniphile,” kusho u-Andrew Zignani, umqondisi wocwaningo kwa-ABI Research.
Ngokufanayo, izindleko nazo ziyinkinga enkulu. Nakuba intengo yethegi yentengo kagesi ilungiswe kakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko eziningi zokubeka, isasetshenziswa kuphela yizitolo ezinkulu ezinkulu ezifana neWalmart neYonghui emakethe yokuthengisa. Ezitolo ezinkulu zomphakathi ezincane, ezitolo ezithengisa izinto ezilula kanye nezitolo zezincwadi, izindleko zayo zisephezulu kakhulu. Futhi kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi amathegi entengo kagesi nawo ayisidingo nje ezitolo ezingezona ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokusetshenziswa kwamanje zamathegi entengo kagesi zilula kakhulu. Njengamanje, ama-90% amathegi entengo kagesi asetshenziswa emkhakheni wokuthengisa, kodwa angaphansi kuka-10% asetshenziswa ezimweni zasehhovisi, zezokwelapha nakwezinye. I-SES-imagotag, inkampani enkulu embonini yamathegi entengo kagesi, ikholelwa ukuthi ithegi yentengo yedijithali akufanele nje ibe ithuluzi lokubonisa intengo elingasebenzi, kodwa kufanele ibe yi-microweb yedatha yonke engasiza abathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo zokusebenzisa imali futhi bonge isikhathi nezindleko zabaqashi nabasebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, kunezindaba ezinhle nangale kobunzima. Izinga lokungena kwamathegi entengo kagesi emakethe yasekhaya lingaphansi kuka-10%, okusho ukuthi kusenemakethe eningi okufanele isetshenziswe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwenziwa ngcono kwenqubomgomo yokulawula ubhubhane, ukubuyiselwa kokusetshenziswa kuyinkambiso enkulu, futhi ukubuyela emuva kohlangothi lokuthengisa nakho kuyeza, okuyithuba elihle lokuthi amathegi entengo kagesi afune ukukhula kwemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadlali abaningi ochungechungeni lwemboni babeka ngenkuthalo amathegi entengo kagesi, i-Qualcomm ne-SES-imagotag ziyabambisana kumathegi entengo kagesi ajwayelekile. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nomkhuba wokulinganisa, amathegi entengo kagesi nawo azoba nekusasa elisha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-21-2023