E-Italian umlobi uCalvino "idolobha elingabonakali" kukhona lo musho: "Idolobha linjengephupho, konke okungacatshangwa kungaphupha ......"
Njengokudala okukhulu kwesintu ngesintu, leli dolobha lithwala isifiso isintu impilo engcono. Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, kusuka kuPlato kuya ngaphezulu, izidalwa zabantu zihlala zifisa ukwakha i-Utopia. Ngakho-ke, ngomqondo othile, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha amasha ahlakaniphile kusondele kakhulu ebukhoneni babantu bempilo yempilo engcono.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphansi kokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-Ingqalasizinda entsha yengqalasizinda kanye nesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bolwazi okufana ne-Intanethi yezinto, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile kugcwele ngokugcwele, kanye ne-Dream City engabona futhi ucabange kancane kancane.
Iphrojekthi yesibili ngobukhulu emkhakheni we-IOT: Amadolobha ahlakaniphile
Amadolobha ama-Smart namaphrojekthi we-Smart City abe kungenye yezindlela ezidingidwa kakhulu, ezitholwa kakhulu ngendlela enenhloso nehlanganisiwe kwi-Intanethi yezinto, idatha nokuxhumana, ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezixazululo nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Amaphrojekthi we-Smart City asethelwe ukukhuphuka ngokumangalisayo njengoba ahamba noshintsho kusuka kumaphrojekthi we-Smart City emadolobheni okuqala eqiniso. Eqinisweni, lokhu kukhula kwaqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule futhi kwasheshisa ngonyaka ka-2016. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kulula ukubona ukuthi amaphrojekthi we-Smart City angenye yezindawo eziholayo ze-IOT ezisebenzayo.
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kombiko oshicilelwe yi-IOT Analytics Company, inkampani yaseJalimane iot Analytics, amaphrojekthi we-Smart City angamaphrojekthi wesibili ngobukhulu ama-IOT ngokuya nge-Internet Facebos, ngemuva komkhakha we-Intanethi. Futhi phakathi kwamaphrojekthi we-Smart City, uhlelo lokusebenza oludumile kakhulu luyinto yokuhamba ehlakaniphile, elandelwa yizinto ezihlakaniphile.
Ukuze ube yi-Smart City "yeqiniso", amadolobha adinga indlela ehlanganisiwe exhuma amaphrojekthi kanye nezinhlamvu ndawonye iningi ledatha namapulatifomu ukuze akwazi zonke izinzuzo zedolobha elihlakaniphile. Phakathi kokunye, ubuchwepheshe obuvulekile kanye namapulatifomu edatha avulekile azoba ukhiye ukufudukela esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-IDC ithi amapulatifomu edatha avulekile ngonyaka we-2018 angumngcele olandelayo engxoxweni ukuba abe yiplatifomu ye-IOT. Ngenkathi lokhu kuzohlangana nezingqinamba ezithile futhi akukho okushiwo ngokuqondile kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamapulatifomu edatha avulekile ngokuqinisekile kuzoveza ngokuvelele endaweni yedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Lokhu kuvela kwedatha evulekile kukhulunywa ngaye ku-IDC futurecape: 2017 Isimo sezulu se-Iot Global Iot, lapho ohulumeni basekhaya baphinde basebenzise ama-Iot ukuthola ingqalasizinda ukuze bashintshe ingqalasizinda njengezikweletu, kunezikweletu, ngo-2019.
Yiziphi izimo zesicelo sedolobha elihlakaniphile?
Mhlawumbe asicabangi ngokushesha amaphrojekthi wezemvelo ahlakaniphile kanye namaphrojekthi wokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula, kepha anakuphikwa ukuthi abaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile. Isibonelo, lapho kungcoliswa yinhlekelele yemvelo yasemadolobheni, khona-ke lokhu kungenye yezizathu ezibalulekile zokwakha amaphrojekthi wedolobha le-Smart City, ngoba anganikeza izinzuzo ezisheshayo futhi eziwusizo kwizakhamizi.
Vele, izibonelo ezidumile ze-Smart City zifaka ukupaka i-SMART, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi ehlakaniphile, ukukhanyisa okumnandi komgwaqo nokulawulwa kwemfucuza ehlakaniphile. Lokho kusho ukuthi, lezi zimo zivame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kokusebenza kahle, ukuxazulula izinkinga zasemadolobheni, ukunciphisa izindleko, ngcono impilo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, nokubeka izakhamizi kuqala ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Okulandelayo ezinye zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza noma izindawo eziphathelene namadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Izinsizakalo Zomphakathi, njengezinsizakalo zomphakathi, izinsizakalo zezokuvakasha, izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, ubunikazi kanye nokuphathwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zolwazi.
Ukuphepha Komphakathi, ezindaweni ezinjengokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile, ukuqapha imvelo, ukulandelwa kwempahla, ukubhekwa kwamaphoyisa, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo nokuphendula okuphuthumayo kanye nempendulo ephuthumayo
Ukusimama, okubandakanya ukuqapha kwemvelo, ukuphathwa kwemfucumfucu ye-smart kanye nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, amandla ahlakaniphile, amamitha ahlakaniphile, amanzi ahlakaniphile, njll.
Ingqalasizinda, kufaka phakathi ingqalasizinda ye-Smart, ukuqapha kwezempilo kwezakhiwo zezakhiwo nezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, ukunisela okuhle, njll.
Ukuhamba: Imigwaqo Ehlakaniphile, Ukwabelana Ngezimoto Okuxhunyiwe, Ukupaka i-Smart, Ukuphathwa Kwethrafikhi Ehlakaniphile, Umsindo nokungcoliswa kokuhlola, njll.
Ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe kwemisebenzi ye-Smart City kanye nezinsizakalo ezindaweni ezi-Smart Healthcare, imfundo ye-Smart, ukuphathwa kwe-Smart, ukuhlela okuhle, kanye nedatha ehlakaniphile / evulekile, okuyisihluthulelo esivumela izinto zamadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Ngaphezu kwe- "Technology" esekelwe ku-Smart City esekelwe nje
Njengoba siqala ukunyukela emadolobheni ahlakaniphile ngempela, izinketho eziphathelene nokuxhumana, ukushintshana kwedatha, amapulatifomu e-IOT, nokuningi kuzoqhubeka nokuvela.
Ikakhulu amacala amaningi asebenzisa okufana nokuphathwa kwemfucuza ehlakaniphile noma ukupaka i-smart, i-IOT Technology stack yezicelo zanamuhla zedolobha ezinobuhlakani zilula futhi azibizi. Izindawo ezisemadolobheni zivame ukuba ne-arage etholakalayo engenantambo yezingxenye ezinyakazayo, kukhona amafu, kukhona izixazululo zamaphuzu nemikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukuxhumeka kwe-Smart City, futhi kunamadolobha amaningi enethiwekhi ebanzi emhlabeni wonke anele kuhlelo lokusebenza oluningi.
Ngenkathi kunesici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe kulokhu, kuningi kakhulu emadolobheni ahlakaniphile kunalokho. Umuntu angaxoxa ngisho nalokho "okuhlakaniphile" okushiwo. Ngokuqinisekile, engokoqobo ebuyiswa kakhulu futhi ephelele yamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kumayelana nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezakhamizi nokuxazulula izinselelo zabantu, umphakathi kanye nemiphakathi yasemadolobheni.
Ngamanye amagama: amadolobha anamaphrojekthi we-Smart City aphumelele awabonisi ubuchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho izinjongo ezitholwe ngokususelwa endodeni ephelele yemvelo eyakhiwe kanye nezidingo zabantu (kufaka nezidingo ezingokomoya). Empeleni, ekuzijwayezeleni izwe ngalinye namasiko ahlukile, yize izidingo eziyisisekelo zivame kakhulu futhi zibandakanya izinhloso zokusebenza ezengeziwe ezisebenzayo nezamabhizinisi.
Enhliziyweni yanoma yini ebizwa nge-Smart Namuhla, noma ngabe kuyizinto ezihlakaniphile, ama-smart grids noma ama-smart amadolobha, ukuxhumana kanye nedatha, kunikwe amandla ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene futhi kuhunyushwe ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene abakhipha izinqumo. Vele, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kumane nje kuyi-inthanethi yezinto; Imiphakathi exhunyiwe kanye nezakhamizi okungenani zibaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoba kunikezwe izinselelo eziningi zomhlaba wonke njengokuguga kwezimo kanye nezingqinamba zesimo sezulu, kanye "nezifundo ezifundwe" kusukela kubhubhane, kuyacaca ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ukuphindisela inhloso yamadolobha, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubukhulu bempilo kanye nekhwalithi yempilo kuzohlala kubucayi.
Ucwaningo lwe-Accounture lubheka izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezithathwe yizakhamizi, ezihlolisise ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kufaka phakathi i-Intanethi yezinto, etholakele ukuthi ukwenza ngcono ukwaneliseka kwabazakhayo bekuphezulu kohlu. Njengoba imibukiso ye-infographic ye-infographic, ukwenza ngcono ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi nakho bekuphezulu (80%), futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuxhunyiwe kuholele emiphumeleni ebonakalayo.
Yiziphi izinselelo zokuthola idolobha elihlakaniphile ngempela?
Ngenkathi amaphrojekthi we-Smart City avuthiwe futhi athunyelwa ezintsha futhi athunyelwa, kuzoba iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba sibize idolobha nge- "Smart City".
Amadolobha ahlakaniphile wanamuhla angombono ngaphezu kwendlela yokuphela kokuphela kokuphela. Cabanga nje ukuthi kunomsebenzi omningi okufanele wenziwe emisebenzini, izimpahla kanye nengqalasizinda ukuze ube ne-Smart City, nokuthi lo msebenzi ungahunyushelwa kwinguqulo ehlakaniphile. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza idolobha elihlakaniphile leqiniso kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yezici ngazinye ezihilelekile.
Edolobheni elihlakaniphile, zonke lezi zindawo zixhunyiwe, futhi lokhu akuyona into engatholwa ubusuku bonke. Kunezinkinga eziningi zefa, njengemisebenzi ethile kanye nemigomo, amasethi amasha amasethi adinga ukwenziwa, futhi kukhona ukuguquguquka okuningi, ukuphepha kwezimoto, izinhlaka zohulumeni basekhaya, ama-ejensi ezemfundo, njll.).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka kubuchwepheshe kanye nombono wecebo, kuyacaca ukuthi nathi kudingeka futhi sigxile ekuphepheni, idatha enkulu, ukuhamba, ifu kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokuxhuma, kanye nezihloko ezihlobene nolwazi. Kuyacaca ukuthi imininingwane, kanye nokuphathwa kolwazi kanye nemisebenzi yedatha, kubalulekile edolobheni elihlakaniphile lanamuhla nakusasa.
Enye inselelo engenakunakwa yisimo sengqondo nokuzimisela kwezakhamizi. Futhi ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaphrojekthi we-Smart City kungenye yezikhubekiso. Ngalo mqondo, kuhle ukubona imizamo kahulumeni, noma ngabe iNational noma i-Supranational, ethize, ethize, ethize, ethize, ethize noma i-Smart Cities noma ngemvelo, noma isungulwe ngabadlali bezimboni, njengohlelo lwe-Cisco Ingqalasizinda Yezimali Zokusheshisa Kwezingqalasizinda.
Kepha ngokusobala, lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi akuvimbi ukukhula kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile namaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile. Njengoba amadolobha ahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwawo futhi athuthukise amaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile ngezinzuzo ezicacile, anethuba lokukhulisa ubuchwepheshe babo futhi afunde ekuhlulekeni okungaba khona. Nge-RoadMap engqondweni ehlanganisa ababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu amathuba amaphrojekthi wamanje wedolobha lesikhashana ngekusasa elihlanganisiwe.
Thatha umbono obanzi wamadolobha ahlakaniphile
Ngenkathi amadolobha ahlakaniphile ahlotshaniswa nakanjani ubuchwepheshe, umbono wedolobha elihlakaniphile ungaphezu kwalokho. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zedolobha elihlakaniphile ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo ephelele edolobheni.
Njengoba inani labantu beplanethi likhula, amadolobha amasha kudingeka akhelwe futhi izindawo zasemadolobheni akhona ziyaqhubeka zikhula. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, ubuchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlangabezaneni nalezi zinselelo futhi busize ukuxazulula izinselelo eziningi ezibhekene namadolobha anamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ukuze wakhe izwe idolobha elihlakaniphile, kudingeka umbono obanzi.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bathatha umbono obanzi wamadolobha ahlakaniphile, zombili ngokuya ngezinhloso nobuchwepheshe, kanti abanye bangabiza noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza leselula elakhelwe noma yimuphi umkhakha uhlelo lokusebenza lwedolobha elihlakaniphile.
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Akunandaba ukuthi zihlakaniphile kangakanani ubuchwepheshe bethu obukhali futhi zihlakaniphe kanjani, kudingeka sibhekane nezinto ezithile eziyisisekelo - izidalwa zabantu, ikakhulukazi ezivela emibonweni, ukuzimisela, ukufakwa, ukuvumelanisa ukushintsha, ukuzimisela komphakathi, njll.
UJerry Hultin, ongusihlalo weqembu elizayo le-Global Future, uSihlalo weSmart City Expo World Congress Delugy Board, kanye nochwepheshe we-Smart City onolwazi, wathi, "Sengenza izinto eziningi, kodwa ekugcineni, kudingeka siqale ngokwethu."
Ukubumbana kwezenhlalo kuyindwangu yedolobha elifuna ukuhlala kulo, uthando, lukhule, lufunde futhi lukhathalele, indwangu yezwe ledolobha elihlakaniphile. Njengezihloko zamadolobha, izakhamizi zinentando yokubamba iqhaza, ukuguquka, nokwenza okuthile. Kepha emadolobheni amaningi, abazizwa befakiwe noma bacelwe ukuba babambe iqhaza, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abathile nakumazwe lapho kunokugxila kakhulu kubuchwepheshe be-Smart City ukuthuthukisa imizimba yezomphakathi kanye nokuzibandakanya okuyisisekelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, kepha kuthiwani ngokuthembela? Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, iziphithiphithi zezepolitiki, izinhlekelele zemvelo, amahlazo ezepolitiki, noma ngisho nokungaqiniseki okuza ngokushintsha okukhulu emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, kunethemba lokuthi ukwethembana kwabantu kuzoncipha kakhulu.
Kungakho kubalulekile ukubona ubuntu bedolobha ngalinye nezwe; Kubalulekile ukubheka izakhamizi ezizimele; Futhi kubalulekile ukutadisha amandla emiphakathini, amadolobha kanye namaqembu ezakhamizi kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo nge-ecosystem ekhulayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.
2. Ukuchazwa nombono we-Smart City kusuka ekubukeni kokunyakaza
Umqondo, umbono, incazelo kanye namaqiniso edolobha elihlakaniphile ku-flux njalo.
Ezinhlazweni eziningi, kuyinto enhle ukuthi incazelo yedolobha elihlakaniphile ayibekwenga itshe. Idolobha, ake liyeke indawo yasemadolobheni, ingumzimba kanye nemvelo enokuphila kwayo futhi yakhiwa izakhi eziningi ezishukumisayo, eziphilayo, ezixhunyiwe, ikakhulukazi izakhamizi, izisebenzi, izivakashi, abafundi, njalonjalo.
Ukuchazwa okuvumelekile kobuntu kwe- "Smart City" bekungakunaki imvelo enamandla, eshintsha futhi ehlukahlukene yedolobha.
Ukunciphisa amadolobha ahlakaniphile kubuchwepheshe obuzuzisa imiphumela ngokusebenzisa amadivaysi axhunyiwe, amasistimu, amanethiwekhi wolwazi, futhi ekugcineni amanethiwekhi avela ku-Intelligence axhunyiwe futhi asebenza ngenjongo yindlela eyodwa yokuchaza idolobha elinabantu. Kepha ayinaki izinto ezahlukene ezibaluleke kakhulu emadolobheni nasezizweni, ayinaki izici zamasiko, futhi ibeka ubuchwepheshe ngaphambili kanye nesikhungo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
Kepha njengoba sizitholela ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, kulula ukulahlekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi ubuchwepheshe buhlale buqhubeka futhi busheshise ukunyakaza, njengoba nje nezinselelo ezintsha zivela ezingeni lamadolobha nemiphakathi kusonke. Akuwona ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nemibono nezimo zengqondo abantu abanazo ngalobu buchwepheshe, njengoba nje zisezingeni lamadolobha, imiphakathi nezizwe zizonke.
Ngoba ubuchwepheshe obuthile bangabanikeli izindlela ezingcono zokuqhuba amadolobha, bakhonze izakhamizi futhi balungiselele izinselelo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Kwabanye, indlela izakhamizi zendlela zibandakanyeka ngayo futhi indlela amadolobha aqhutshwa ngayo okungenani abaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke noma sinamathela encazelweni eyisisekelo yedolobha elihlakaniphile ezimpandeni zalo zobuchwepheshe, asikho isizathu sokuthi kungani lokhu kungeke kuguquke, futhi kuzoshintsha ngempumelelo njengokubukwa endimeni nasendaweni yobuchwepheshe kuyaqhubeka ukuvela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha nemiphakathi, nemibono yamadolobha, akugcini ngokuhlukahluka esifundeni ukuya esifundeni, indawo endaweni, kanye naphakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene abantu ngaphakathi kwedolobha, kodwa futhi kuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi sePosi: FEB-08-2023