Encwadini yomlobi ongumNtaliyane uCalvino ethi “Idolobha Elingabonakali” kukhona lo musho: “Idolobha lifana nephupho, konke okungacatshangwa kungaphushwa ……”
Njengendalo enkulu yamasiko yesintu, idolobha liphethe isifiso sesintu sempilo engcono.Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, kusukela kuPlato kuya ku-More, abantu bebelokhu befisa ukwakha i-utopia.Ngakho-ke, ngomqondo othile, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha amasha ahlakaniphile kuseduze kakhulu nokuba khona kwemicabango yabantu yempilo engcono.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngaphansi kwentuthuko esheshayo yengqalasizinda entsha yaseShayina kanye nesizukulwane esisha sobuchwepheshe bolwazi njenge-inthanethi Yezinto, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile kuhamba kahle, kanye nedolobha lamaphupho elikwazi ukuzwa nokucabanga, ukuguquguquka futhi izinga lokushisa kancane kancane liba ngokoqobo.
Iphrojekthi yesibili ngobukhulu emkhakheni we-IoT: I-Smart Cities
Amadolobha ahlakaniphile namaphrojekthi amadolobha ahlakaniphile kube ngenye yezindlela zokuqaliswa okuxoxwe ngazo kakhulu, ezibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngendlela enenjongo nedidiyelwe ye-inthanethi Yezinto, idatha kanye nokuxhumana, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezixazululo nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Amaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile asethwe ukuthi akhule ngendlela emangalisayo njengoba ehambisana noguquko olusuka kumaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile lwesikhashana luye emadolobheni okuqala ahlakaniphile.Eqinisweni, lokhu kukhula kwaqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule futhi kwashesha ngo-2016. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kulula ukubona ukuthi amaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile angenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili ze-IoT ekusebenzeni.
Ngokokuhlaziywa kombiko oshicilelwe yi-IoT Analytics, inkampani yaseJalimane yezibalo ze-IoT, amaphrojekthi edolobha elihlakaniphile angamaphrojekthi wesibili ngobukhulu we-IoT ngokwesabelo somhlaba wonke samaphrojekthi we-IoT, ngemuva kwemboni ye-inthanethi.Futhi phakathi kwamaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile, isicelo esithandwa kakhulu ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, kulandelwa izinsiza ezihlakaniphile.
Ukuze abe idolobha “leqiniso” elihlakaniphile, amadolobha adinga indlela edidiyelwe exhumanisa amaphrojekthi futhi enamathisele ndawonye idatha eningi nezinkundla ukuze abone zonke izinzuzo zedolobha elihlakaniphile.Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubuchwepheshe obuvulekile kanye nezinkundla zedatha ezivulekile kuzoba ukhiye wokudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-IDC ithi amapulatifomu edatha avulekile ngo-2018 angumngcele olandelayo engxoxweni ukuze abe inkundla ye-IoT.Nakuba lokhu kuzohlangabezana nezithiyo ezithile futhi akukho lapho kukhulunywa khona ngokuqondile ngamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kusobala ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zinkundla zedatha ezivulekile ngokuqinisekile kuzobonakala ngokugqama endaweni yedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Lokhu kuguquka kwedatha evulekile kushiwo ku-IDC FutureScape: 2017 Global IoT Forecast, lapho ifemu ithi kuze kufike ku-40% wohulumeni basekhaya nowesifunda bazosebenzisa i-IoT ukuguqula ingqalasizinda efana nezibani zasemgwaqweni, imigwaqo kanye nezimpawu zomgwaqo zibe yimpahla, kunokuba izikweletu. , ngo-2019.
Yiziphi izimo zesicelo sedolobha elihlakaniphile?
Mhlawumbe asicabangi ngokushesha ngamaphrojekthi emvelo ahlakaniphile kanye namaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile axwayisa ngezikhukhula, kodwa akunakuphikwa ukuthi abalulekile kumaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile.Isibonelo, lapho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo yasemadolobheni kuphikisiwe, khona-ke lesi esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokwakha amaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile, njengoba anganikeza izinzuzo ezisheshayo neziwusizo ezakhamuzini.
Kunjalo, izibonelo zedolobha elihlakaniphile ezidume kakhulu zifaka phakathi ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi okukhaliphile, ukukhanya komgwaqo okukhaliphile nokulawulwa kwemfucuza okukhaliphile.Sesikushilo lokho, la macala nawo athambekele ekuhlanganiseni inhlanganisela yokusebenza kahle, ukuxazulula izinkinga zasemadolobheni, ukunciphisa izindleko, ukuthuthukisa impilo yasemadolobheni, nokubeka izakhamuzi kuqala ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
Okulandelayo ezinye izimo zohlelo lokusebenza noma izindawo eziphathelene namadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Izinsizakalo zomphakathi, ezifana nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, izinsizakalo zezokuvakasha, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ubuwena nokuphatha, kanye nezinsizakalo zolwazi.
Ukuphepha komphakathi, ezindaweni ezifana nokukhanya okukhaliphile, ukuqapha indawo ezungezile, ukulandelela impahla, amaphoyisa, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kanye nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo
Ukusimama, okuhlanganisa nokuqapha imvelo, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza okuhlakaniphile nokugaywa kabusha, amandla ahlakaniphile, i-smart metering, amanzi ahlakaniphile, njll.
Ingqalasizinda, okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda ehlakaniphile, ukuqapha impilo yesakhiwo sezakhiwo nezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, ukuchelela okuhlakaniphile, njll.
Ezokuthutha: imigwaqo ehlakaniphile, ukwabelana ngezimoto okuxhunyiwe, ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi ngobuhlakani, ukugadwa komsindo nokungcoliswa kwemvelo, njll.
Ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe kwemisebenzi yedolobha elihlakaniphile namasevisi ezindaweni ezifana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlakaniphile, imfundo ehlakaniphile, ukubusa okuhlakaniphile, ukuhlela ngobuhlakani, kanye nedatha ehlakaniphile/evulekile, okuyizici eziyinhloko ezivumela amadolobha ahlakaniphile.
Okungaphezu nje kwedolobha elihlakaniphile elisekelwe “Kubuchwepheshe”
Njengoba siqala ukuya emadolobheni ahlakaniphe ngempela, izinketho eziphathelene nokuxhumana, ukushintshaniswa kwedatha, amapulatifomu e-IoT, nokunye kuzoqhubeka nokuvela.
Ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezifana nokuphathwa kwemfucuza ehlakaniphile noma ukupaka okuhlakaniphile, isitaki sobuchwepheshe be-IoT sezinhlelo zokusebenza zedolobha elihlakaniphile lanamuhla silula futhi asibizi.Izindawo zasemadolobheni ngokuvamile ziba nokufakwa okungenantambo okuhle kwezingxenye ezihambayo, kukhona amafu, kunezixazululo zamaphuzu kanye nemikhiqizo eyenzelwe amaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile, futhi kukhona ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (LPWAN) enamandla aphansi emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele anele izicelo eziningi.
Nakuba kunesici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe kulokhu, kunokuningi emadolobheni ahlakaniphile kunalokho.Umuntu angaze axoxe ngokuthi “smart” kusho ukuthini.Impela, eqinisweni eliyinkimbinkimbi ngokumangalisayo nelibanzi lamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kumayelana nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezakhamizi nokuxazulula izinselelo zabantu, umphakathi kanye nemiphakathi yasemadolobheni.
Ngamanye amazwi: amadolobha anamaphrojekthi amadolobha ahlakaniphile awawona ukuboniswa kobuchwepheshe, kodwa kunalokho imigomo efinyelelwe ngokusekelwe ekubukeni okuphelele kwendawo eyakhiwe kanye nezidingo zabantu (kuhlanganisa nezidingo zomoya).Eqinisweni, izwe ngalinye nesiko lihlukile, nakuba izidingo eziyisisekelo zivamile futhi zihilela imigomo yokusebenza nebhizinisi.
Enhliziyweni yanoma yini ebizwa ngokuthi i-smart today, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, amagridi ahlakaniphile noma amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ukuxhumana nedatha, okunikwa amandla ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene futhi kuhunyushwe kubuhlakani obusekela ukuthathwa kwezinqumo.Yebo, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kumane kuyi-inthanethi Yezinto;imiphakathi exhumene nezakhamizi okungenani zibaluleke ngendlela efanayo.
Uma kubhekwa izinselelo eziningi zomhlaba ezifana nokuguga kwabantu kanye nezinkinga zesimo sezulu, kanye “nezifundo ezifundiwe” kulo bhubhane, kuyacaca ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukubheka kabusha inhloso yamadolobha, ikakhulukazi njengoba isimo senhlalo nekhwalithi impilo iyohlala ibucayi.
Ucwaningo lwe-Accenture olubheka izinsiza zomphakathi ezigxile kwizakhamizi, oluhlole ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha okuhlanganisa i-inthanethi Yezinto, luthole ukuthi ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwezakhamizi bekuphezulu ohlwini.Njengoba i-infographic yocwaningo ibonisa, ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi nakho bekuphezulu (80%), futhi ezimweni eziningi, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuxhunyiwe kuholele emiphumeleni ebonakalayo.
Yiziphi izinselele zokuzuza idolobha elihlakaniphe ngempela?
Nakuba amaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile esekhulile futhi emisha iyasatshalaliswa futhi isatshalaliswa, kuzothatha iminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuthi sibize idolobha ngokuthi “idolobha elihlakaniphile”.
Amadolobha anamuhla ahlakaniphile anombono kunendlela yesu yokuphela kokuphela.Cabanga ukuthi mningi umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe emisebenzini, empahleni nengqalasizinda ukuze kube nedolobha elihlakaniphe ngempela, nokuthi lo msebenzi ungahunyushwa ube inguqulo ehlakaniphile.Kodwa-ke, ukuzuza idolobha elihlakaniphile langempela kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye ezihilelekile.
Edolobheni elihlakaniphile, zonke lezi zindawo zixhunyiwe, futhi lokhu akuyona into engafinyelelwa ngobusuku obubodwa.Kunezinkinga eziningi zefa, njengokusebenza nemithethonqubo ethile, kudingeka amasethi amasha wamakhono, ukuxhumana okuningi okudingeka kwenziwe, futhi kuningi ukulungiswa okufanele kwenziwe kuwo wonke amazinga (ukuphathwa kwedolobha, izinsizakalo zomphakathi, izinsiza zokuthutha. , ukuphepha nokuvikeleka, ingqalasizinda yomphakathi, izikhungo zikahulumeni wasekhaya nosonkontileka, izinsizakalo zemfundo, njll.).
Ukwengeza, ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe namasu, kusobala ukuthi sidinga futhi ukugxila ekuvikelekeni, idatha enkulu, ukuhamba, ifu kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhuma obuhlukahlukene, kanye nezihloko ezihlobene nolwazi.Kuyacaca ukuthi ulwazi, kanye nokuphathwa kolwazi nemisebenzi yedatha, kubalulekile kudolobha elihlakaniphile lanamuhla nakusasa.
Enye inselele engeke ishaywe indiva isimo sengqondo nokuzimisela kwezakhamuzi.Futhi ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaphrojekthi wedolobha elihlakaniphile kungenye yezikhubekiso.Ngalo mqondo, kuhle ukubona izinhlelo zikahulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zikazwelonke noma eziphakeme, eziqondene namadolobha ahlakaniphile noma ezemvelo, noma eziqalwa abadlali bemboni, njengoHlelo Lokusheshisa Izimali Lwengqalasizinda ye-Cisco lwe-Urban.
Kodwa ngokusobala, lobu bunzima abuvimbeli ukukhula kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile namaphrojekthi edolobha ahlakaniphile.Njengoba amadolobha abelana ngolwazi lwawo futhi athuthukisa amaphrojekthi ahlakaniphile anezinzuzo ezicacile, anethuba lokukhulisa ubuchwepheshe bawo nokufunda kulokho okungase kube ukwehluleka.Ngomkhombandlela engqondweni ohlanganisa ababambiqhaza abahlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kuzokwandisa kakhulu amathuba ephrojekthi yesikhashana yedolobha elihlakaniphile esikhathini esizayo esididiyelwe.
Thatha umbono obanzi wamadolobha ahlakaniphile
Nakuba amadolobha ahlakaniphile ahlotshaniswa nakanjani nobuchwepheshe, umbono wedolobha elihlakaniphile ungaphezu kwalokho.Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zedolobha elihlakaniphile ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufanele ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yonke edolobheni.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni likhula, kudingeka kwakhiwe amadolobha amasha futhi izindawo zasemadolobheni ezikhona ziyaqhubeka nokwanda.Uma busetshenziswa kahle, ubuchwepheshe bubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele futhi kusize ukuxazulula izinselelo eziningi ezibhekene namadolobha anamuhla.Kodwa-ke, ukuze udale umhlaba wedolobha ohlakaniphile, umbono obanzi uyadingeka.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bathatha umbono obanzi wamadolobha ahlakaniphile, kokubili ngokwemigomo nobuchwepheshe, futhi abanye bangabiza noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula oluthuthukiswe inoma yimuphi umkhakha ngokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lwedolobha elihlakaniphile.
1. Umbono womuntu ngale kobuchwepheshe obukhaliphile: ukwenza amadolobha abe izindawo ezingcono zokuhlala
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bethu buhlakaniphe kangakanani nokuthi buhlakaniphe kangakanani ukubusebenzisa, sidinga ukubhekana nezinto ezithile eziyisisekelo - abantu, ikakhulukazi ngemibono emi-5, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha nokwethenjwa, ukufakwa nokubamba iqhaza, ukuzimisela ukushintsha, ukuzimisela ukwenza okuthile, ukuhlalisana kwabantu. ukubumbana, njll.
UJerry Hultin, usihlalo weGlobal Future Group, usihlalo weSmart City Expo World Congress Advisory Board, kanye nochwepheshe bedolobha abanolwazi, uthe, “Singenza izinto eziningi, kodwa ekugcineni, kudingeka siqale ngathi.”
Ukubumbana komphakathi kuyindwangu yedolobha abantu abafuna ukuhlala kulo, balithande, balikhulise, bafunde futhi balikhathalele, indwangu yezwe lamadolobha ahlakaniphile.Njengezihloko zamadolobha, izakhamuzi zizimisele ukubamba iqhaza, ukushintsha, nokwenza.Kodwa emadolobheni amaningi, abazizwa behlanganisiwe noma becelwa ukuba babambe iqhaza, futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abathile nasemazweni lapho kugxilwe kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bedolobha elihlakaniphile ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlangano yomphakathi, kodwa ukugxila kancane kumalungelo abantu ayisisekelo. nokubamba iqhaza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha, kodwa kuthiwani ngokuthembana?Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa, iziyaluyalu zezombusazwe, izinhlekelele zemvelo, amahlazo ezombusazwe, noma nje ukungaqiniseki okuza nezikhathi ezishintsha kakhulu emadolobheni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, alikho ithemba lokuthi ukwethenjwa kwabantu kuzoncipha kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubuntu bedolobha nezwe ngalinye;kubalulekile ukucabangela isakhamuzi ngasinye;futhi kubalulekile ukufunda ukuguquguquka kwemiphakathi, amadolobha kanye namaqembu ezakhamizi kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo ne-ecosystem ekhulayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuxhumene emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.
2. Incazelo kanye nombono wedolobha elihlakaniphile ngokombono wokunyakaza
Umqondo, umbono, incazelo kanye neqiniso ledolobha elihlakaniphile liyashintshashintsha njalo.
Ngezindlela eziningi, kuyinto enhle ukuthi incazelo yedolobha elihlakaniphile ayibekwa etsheni.Idolobha, ingasaphathwa indawo yasemadolobheni, liwukuphila kanye nesimiso semvelo esinokuphila okukodwa futhi sakhiwe izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo, eziphilayo, ezixhumene, ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi, abasebenzi, izivakashi, abafundi, njalo njalo.
Incazelo evumelekile emhlabeni wonke "yedolobha elihlakaniphile" izoziba imvelo eguquguqukayo, eguqukayo nehlukahlukene yedolobha.
Ukunciphisa amadolobha ahlakaniphile abe kubuchwepheshe obuthola imiphumela ngokusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi axhunyiwe, amasistimu, amanethiwekhi olwazi, futhi ekugcineni nemininingwane evela kubuhlakani obusekelwe kudatha obuxhumene nobusebenzisekayo kungenye yezindlela zokuchaza idolobha elihlakaniphile.Kodwa ayizinaki izinto ezibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zamadolobha nezizwe, ayizinaki izici zamasiko, futhi ibeka ubuchwepheshe phambili futhi igxile emigomweni eyahlukene.
Kodwa noma sizivalele ezingeni lezobuchwepheshe, kulula ukulahlekelwa umbono wokuthi ubuchwepheshe nabo buhamba njalo futhi busheshisa, amathuba amasha avelayo, njengoba kuvela izinselelo ezintsha ezingeni lamadolobha nemiphakathi njengenhlangano. ephelele.Akubona nje ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo, kodwa futhi nemibono kanye nesimo sengqondo abantu abanaso ngalobo buchwepheshe, njengoba kunjalo ezingeni lamadolobha, imiphakathi kanye nezizwe zonkana.
Ngoba obunye ubuchwepheshe buvumela izindlela ezingcono zokuphatha amadolobha, ukusebenzela izakhamuzi futhi kulungiselelwe izinselele zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.Kwabanye, indlela izakhamizi ezizibandakanya ngayo nendlela amadolobha aphethwe ngayo iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke noma sinamathela encazelweni eyisisekelo yedolobha elihlakaniphile ezimpandeni zalo zobuchwepheshe, asikho isizathu sokuthi kungani lokhu kungeke kushintshe, futhi kuzoshintsha ngokuphumelelayo njengoba imibono yendima kanye nendawo yobuchwepheshe iqhubeka nokuvela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha nemiphakathi, kanye nemibono yamadolobha, ayihlukanga kuphela ngesifunda nesifunda, indawo nendawo, ngisho naphakathi kwamaqembu ezibalo zabantu ahlukene phakathi kwedolobha, kodwa futhi iyaguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023