Ikhaya elihlakaniphile liyindlu njengeplatifomu, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa izintambo obuhlanganisiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, ubuchwepheshe bomsindo nevidiyo ukuhlanganisa izikhungo ezihlobene nokuphila komndeni, ukuhlela ukwakha izikhungo zokuhlala ezisebenzayo kanye nohlelo lokuphatha izindaba zomndeni, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwasekhaya, ukulula, induduzo, ubuciko, kanye nokufeza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nendawo yokuhlala esindisa amandla. Ngokusekelwe encazelweni yakamuva yekhaya elihlakaniphile, bheka izici zobuchwepheshe be-ZigBee, ukwakheka kwalolu hlelo, okudingekayo kuqukethe uhlelo lwekhaya oluhlakaniphile (uhlelo lokulawula ikhaya elihlakaniphile (eliphakathi), uhlelo lokulawula ukukhanyisa kwasekhaya, izinhlelo zokuphepha kwasekhaya), ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa lwasekhaya oluhlanganisiwe, uhlelo lwenethiwekhi yasekhaya, uhlelo lomculo wangemuva kanye nohlelo lokulawula imvelo yomndeni. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlala ekuhlakanipheni, ufake zonke izinhlelo ezidingekayo kuphela, futhi uhlelo lwekhaya olufake uhlelo oluzikhethela lohlobo olulodwa nangaphezulu lungabiza izimpilo zobuhlakani. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lungabizwa ngokuthi ikhaya elihlakaniphile.
1. Uhlelo Lokuklama Uhlelo
Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe ngamadivayisi alawulwayo namadivayisi okulawula kude ekhaya. Phakathi kwawo, amadivayisi alawulwayo emndenini ahlanganisa kakhulu ikhompyutha engafinyelela i-inthanethi, isikhungo sokulawula, i-node yokuqapha kanye nesilawuli sezinto zasekhaya ezingangezwa. Amadivayisi okulawula kude akhiwe kakhulu ngamakhompyutha akude namafoni eselula.
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yalolu hlelo yile: 1) ikhasi langaphambili lokuphequlula ikhasi lewebhu, ukuphathwa kolwazi lwangemuva; 2) Ukulawula ukushintsha kwezinto zasendlini zasendlini, ukuphepha nokukhanyisa nge-inthanethi kanye nefoni ephathekayo; 3) Nge-RFID module ukuze uthole ukuhlonza komsebenzisi, ukuze uqedele ukushintsha isimo sokuphepha sangaphakathi, uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa nge-alamu ye-SMS kumsebenzisi; 4) Ngesofthiwe yohlelo lokuphatha ukulawula okuphakathi ukuze uqedele ukuboniswa kokulawula kwendawo kanye nesimo sokukhanya kwangaphakathi kanye nezinto zasekhaya; 5) Ukugcinwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu kanye nokugcinwa kwesimo sezinto zangaphakathi kuqedwa ngokusebenzisa i-database. Kulula ngabasebenzisi ukubuza ngesimo sezinto zangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawula nokuphatha oluphakathi.
2. Umklamo Wehadiwe Yesistimu
Umklamo wehadiwe wohlelo uhlanganisa umklamo wesikhungo sokulawula, i-node yokuqapha kanye nokufakwa kokuzikhethela kwesilawuli sezinto zasekhaya (thatha isilawuli sefeni kagesi njengesibonelo).
2.1 Isikhungo Sokulawula
Imisebenzi eyinhloko yesikhungo sokulawula yilena elandelayo: 1) Ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-ZigBee engenantambo, ukwengeza wonke ama-node okuqapha kunethiwekhi, nokuqonda ukwamukelwa kwemishini emisha; 2) ukuhlonza umsebenzisi, umsebenzisi ekhaya noma emuva ngekhadi lomsebenzisi ukuze afinyelele ekushintsheni kokuphepha kwangaphakathi; 3) Uma isigebengu singena ekamelweni, thumela umlayezo omfushane kumsebenzisi ukuze axwayise. Abasebenzisi bangalawula futhi ukuphepha kwangaphakathi, ukukhanyisa kanye nezinto zasekhaya ngemiyalezo emifushane; 4) Uma uhlelo lusebenza lodwa, i-LCD ibonisa isimo samanje sesistimu, okulula ukuthi abasebenzisi basibuke; 5) Gcina isimo semishini kagesi bese uyithumela ku-PC ukuze ikwazi ukubona uhlelo ku-inthanethi.
Ihadiwe isekela i-Carrier sense multiple access/Collision detection (CSMA/CA). I-voltage yokusebenza engu-2.0 ~ 3.6V ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kwesistimu. Setha inethiwekhi yenkanyezi engenantambo ye-ZigBee ngaphakathi ngokuxhuma kwimojula ye-ZigBee coordinator esikhungweni sokulawula. Futhi wonke ama-node okuqapha, akhethiwe ukwengeza isilawuli sezinto zasekhaya njenge-node yokugcina kunethiwekhi ukuze ajoyine inethiwekhi, ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa kwenethiwekhi ye-ZigBee engenantambo kokuphepha kwangaphakathi nezinto zasekhaya.
2.2 Ama-Node Okuqapha
Imisebenzi ye-node yokuqapha yilena elandelayo: 1) ukutholwa kwesignali yomzimba womuntu, umsindo kanye ne-alamu yokukhanya lapho amasela ehlasela; 2) ukulawula ukukhanya, imodi yokulawula ihlukaniswe ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulawula ngesandla, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kuvula/kuvala ukukhanya ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngamandla okukhanya kwangaphakathi, ukulawula ukukhanya kokulawula ngesandla kwenzeka ngohlelo lokulawula oluphakathi, (3) ulwazi lwe-alamu kanye nolunye ulwazi oluthunyelwa esikhungweni sokulawula, futhi uthola imiyalo yokulawula evela esikhungweni sokulawula ukuze kuqedwe ukulawula imishini.
Imodi yokuthola i-infrared kanye ne-microwave iyindlela evame kakhulu ekutholeni isignali yomzimba womuntu. I-pyroelectric infrared probe yi-RE200B, kanti idivayisi yokukhulisa iyi-BISS0001. I-RE200B inikwe amandla yi-voltage engu-3-10 V futhi ine-infrared element eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-pyroelectric dual-sensitive. Lapho i-element ithola ukukhanya kwe-infrared, umphumela we-photoelectric uzokwenzeka ezigxotsheni ze-element ngayinye futhi ishaja izoqongelela. I-BISS0001 iyi-digital-analog hybrid asIC eyakhiwe yi-operational amplifier, i-voltage comparator, i-state controller, i-delay time time time kanye ne-blocking time time time. Kanye ne-RE200B kanye nezingxenye ezimbalwa, i-passive pyroelectric infrared switch ingakhiwa. I-Ant-g100 module yasetshenziselwa i-microwave sensor, imvamisa ephakathi yayingu-10 GHz, kanti isikhathi esiphezulu sokusungulwa sasingu-6μs. Ihlanganiswe ne-pyroelectric infrared module, izinga lamaphutha lokutholwa kwethagethi lingancishiswa ngempumelelo.
Imojula yokulawula ukukhanya yakhiwe kakhulu yi-resistor ezwela ukukhanya kanye ne-relay yokulawula ukukhanya. Xhuma i-resistor ezwela ukukhanya ngokulandelana ne-resistor elungisekayo engu-10 K ω, bese uxhuma olunye uhlangothi lwe-resistor ezwela ukukhanya phansi, bese uxhuma olunye uhlangothi lwe-resistor elungisekayo ezingeni eliphezulu. Inani le-voltage lamaphuzu amabili okuxhumanisa ukumelana litholakala nge-converter ye-analog-to-digital ye-SCM ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ukukhanya kwamanje kuvuliwe yini. Ukumelana okulungisekayo kungalungiswa ngumsebenzisi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhanya okukhulu lapho ukukhanya kusanda kuvulwa. Izinkinobho zokukhanyisa zangaphakathi zilawulwa yi-relay. I-port eyodwa yokufaka/yokukhipha ingafinyelelwa.
2.3 Khetha isilawuli sezinto zikagesi zasekhaya esengeziwe
Khetha ukwengeza ukulawula izinto zasendlini ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngomsebenzi wedivayisi ukuze kufezwe ukulawula idivayisi, lapha kufeni kagesi njengesibonelo. Ukulawula ifeni kuyisikhungo sokulawula kuzoba imiyalelo yokulawula ifeni ye-PC ethunyelwe kumlawuli wefeni kagesi ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa kwenethiwekhi ye-ZigBee, inombolo yokuhlonza izinto zasendlini ehlukene ihlukile, isibonelo, imibandela yalesi sivumelwano inombolo yokuhlonza ifeni ingu-122, inombolo yokuhlonza i-TV yombala wasekhaya ingu-123, ngaleyo ndlela kuqashelwa isikhungo sokulawula izinto zasekhaya zikagesi ezahlukene. Ngekhodi efanayo yemiyalelo, izinto zasekhaya ezahlukene zenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Isibalo 4 sibonisa ukwakheka kwezinto zasekhaya ezikhethiwe ukuze zengezwe.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwesofthiwe yesistimu
Umklamo wesofthiwe yesistimu uhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziyisithupha, okuyi-design yekhasi lewebhu lokulawula kude, umklamo wesistimu yokuphatha ukulawula okuphakathi, umklamo wohlelo lwe-ATMegal28 wesilawuli esikhulu, umklamo wohlelo lwe-CC2430 coordinator, umklamo wohlelo lwe-CC2430 monitoring node, umklamo wohlelo lwe-CC2430 select add device design.
3.1 Umklamo wohlelo lwe-ZigBee Coordinator
Umxhumanisi uqala ngokuqedela ukuqaliswa kwesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza, usetha isimo sesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza bese ethola isimo sokungasebenzisi, bese evula ukuphazamiseka komhlaba wonke bese eqalisa imbobo ye-I/O. Umxhumanisi ube eseqala ukwakha inethiwekhi yezinkanyezi ezingenantambo. Kuphrothokholi, umxhumanisi ukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo ibhendi ye-2.4 GHz, inani eliphezulu lama-bits ngomzuzwana lingu-62 500, i-PANID ezenzakalelayo ingu-0×1347, ukujula okuphezulu kwesitaki kungu-5, inani eliphezulu lama-byte ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye lingu-93, kanti izinga le-baud le-serial port lingu-57 600 bit/s. I-SL0W TIMER ikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka okungu-10 ngomzuzwana. Ngemva kokuthi inethiwekhi ye-ZigBee isungulwe ngempumelelo, umxhumanisi uthumela ikheli lakhe ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula. Lapha, isikhungo sokulawula i-MCU sikhomba uMxhumanisi we-ZigBee njengelungu le-node yokuqapha, futhi ikheli layo elihlonziwe lingu-0. Uhlelo lungena ku-loop eyinhloko. Okokuqala, nquma ukuthi kukhona yini idatha entsha ethunyelwe yi-node yokugcina, uma ikhona, idatha idluliselwa ngqo ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula; Nquma ukuthi i-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula inemiyalelo ethunyelwe phansi, uma kunjalo, thumela imiyalelo phansi ku-node yesiphelo se-ZigBee ehambisanayo; Nquma ukuthi ukuphepha kuvuliwe yini, ukuthi kukhona yini umgqekezi, uma kunjalo, thumela ulwazi lwe-alamu ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula; Nquma ukuthi ukukhanya kusesimweni sokulawula okuzenzakalelayo yini, uma kunjalo, vula i-analog-to-digital converter ukuze uthole amasampula, inani lesampula liyisihluthulelo sokuvula noma ukuvala ukukhanya, uma isimo sokukhanya sishintsha, ulwazi olusha lwesimo ludluliselwa esikhungweni sokulawula i-MC-U.
3.2 Uhlelo lwe-ZigBee Terminal Node
I-node ye-terminal ye-ZigBee ibhekisela ku-node ye-ZigBee engenantambo elawulwa ngumxhumanisi we-ZigBee. Kuhlelo, ikakhulukazi i-node yokuqapha kanye nokwengezwa kokuzikhethela kwesilawuli sezinto zasekhaya. Ukuqaliswa kwama-node e-terminal ye-ZigBee kuhlanganisa nokuqaliswa kwesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza, ukuphazamisa kokuvula, kanye nokuqaliswa kwama-port e-I/O. Bese uzama ukujoyina inethiwekhi ye-ZigBee. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-node okugcina kuphela anokusetha komxhumanisi we-ZigBee avunyelwe ukujoyina inethiwekhi. Uma i-node ye-terminal ye-ZigBee yehluleka ukujoyina inethiwekhi, izozama futhi njalo ngemizuzwana emibili ize ijoyine ngempumelelo inethiwekhi. Ngemva kokujoyina inethiwekhi ngempumelelo, i-node ye-terminal ye-ZI-Gbee ithumela ulwazi lwayo lokubhalisa kuMxhumanisi we-ZigBee, ozobe eseyithumela ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula ukuze aqedele ukubhaliswa kwe-node ye-terminal ye-ZigBee. Uma i-node ye-terminal ye-ZigBee iyi-node yokuqapha, ingalawula ukukhanya nokuphepha. Lolu hlelo lufana nomxhumanisi we-ZigBee, ngaphandle kokuthi i-node yokuqapha idinga ukuthumela idatha kumxhumanisi we-ZigBee, bese uMxhumanisi we-ZigBee ethumela idatha ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula. Uma i-node ye-terminal ye-ZigBee iyisilawuli se-fan kagesi, idinga kuphela ukuthola idatha yekhompyutha ephezulu ngaphandle kokulayisha isimo, ukuze ukulawula kwayo kuqedwe ngqo ekuphazamisekeni kokuthola idatha engenantambo. Ekuphazamisekeni kokuthola idatha engenantambo, wonke ama-node e-terminal ahumusha imiyalelo yokulawula etholiwe ibe yimingcele yokulawula ye-node uqobo, futhi awacubunguli imiyalelo engenantambo etholiwe ohlelweni oluyinhloko lwe-node.
4 Ukulungisa Amaphutha Ku-inthanethi
Imiyalelo ekhulayo yekhodi yemiyalelo yemishini ehleliwe ekhishwe uhlelo lokuphatha ukulawula oluphakathi ithunyelwa ku-MCU yesikhungo sokulawula nge-port serial yekhompyutha, naku-coordinator nge-interface yemigqa emibili, bese kuba yi-node terminal ye-ZigBee ngumxhumanisi. Lapho i-node terminal ithola idatha, idatha ithunyelwa ku-PC nge-port serial futhi. Kule PC, idatha etholwe yi-node terminal ye-ZigBee iqhathaniswa nedatha ethunyelwe yisikhungo sokulawula. Uhlelo lokuphatha ukulawula oluphakathi luthumela imiyalelo emi-2 njalo ngomzuzwana. Ngemva kwamahora ama-5 okuhlola, isofthiwe yokuhlola iyama lapho ikhombisa ukuthi inani eliphelele lamaphakethe atholiwe lingamaphakethe angu-36,000. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesofthiwe yokuhlola ukudluliswa kwedatha yephrothokholi eminingi iboniswe kuMfanekiso 6. Inani lamaphakethe alungile lingu-36 000, inani lamaphakethe angalungile lingu-0, kanti izinga lokunemba lingu-100%.
Ubuchwepheshe be-ZigBee busetshenziselwa ukufeza inethiwekhi yangaphakathi yekhaya elihlakaniphile, elinezinzuzo zokulawula kude okulula, ukwengeza okuguquguqukayo kwemishini emisha kanye nokusebenza kokulawula okuthembekile. Ubuchwepheshe be-RFTD busetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuhlonza umsebenzisi nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kohlelo. Ngokufinyelela kwe-GSM module, imisebenzi yokulawula kude kanye ne-alamu iyafezeka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-06-2022