(Inothi Lomhleli: Lesi sihloko, sicashunwe futhi sahunyushwa sisuka ku-ulinkmedia.)
Embikweni wayo wakamuva, othi “I-Internet of Things: Capturing ascentring Opportunities,” uMcKinsey ubuyekeze ukuqonda kwakhe ngemakethe futhi wavuma ukuthi naphezu kokukhula okusheshayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, imakethe yehlulekile ukuhlangabezana nezibikezelo zayo zokukhula zika-2015. Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Internet of Things emabhizinisini kubhekene nezinselelo ezivela ekuphathweni, izindleko, ithalente, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi nezinye izici.
Umbiko kaMcKinsey uqikelela ukuchaza i-Internet of Things njengenethiwekhi yezinzwa kanye nama-actuator axhunywe ezinhlelweni zokubala ezingaqapha noma ziphathe impilo kanye nempilo yezinto nemishini exhunyiwe. Izinzwa ezixhunyiwe zingaqapha futhi umhlaba wemvelo, ukuziphatha kwabantu kanye nezilwane.
Kule ncazelo, uMcKinsey akahlanganisi isigaba esibanzi sezinhlelo lapho zonke izinzwa zihloselwe khona ukuthola ulwazi lomuntu (njengama-smartphone nama-PCS).
Ngakho-ke yini elandelayo nge-Internet of Things? UMcKinsey ukholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-iot, kanye nendawo yangaphakathi neyangaphandle, ishintshe kakhulu kusukela ngo-2015, ngakho-ke ihlaziya izici zomoya wangemuva kanye nomoya wangemuva ngokuningiliziwe futhi inikeze izincomo zokuthuthukiswa.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zangemuva eziqhuba ukusheshisa okukhulu emakethe ye-iot:
- Umbono Wenani: Amaklayenti awenze amaphrojekthi e-iot aya ngokuya ebona inani lesicelo, okuyintuthuko enkulu kunesifundo sikaMcKinsey sika-2015.
- Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Ngenxa yokuvela kwezobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe abuseyona inkinga yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinhlelo ze-iot. Ukubala okusheshayo, izindleko zokugcina eziphansi, impilo yebhethri ethuthukisiwe, intuthuko ekufundeni komshini… Kuqhuba i-inthanethi yezinto.
- Imiphumela yenethiwekhi: Kusukela ku-4G kuya ku-5G, inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe liqhumile, futhi isivinini, amandla, kanye nokubambezeleka kwezinqubo ezahlukene zenethiwekhi konke kukhuphukile.
Kunezici ezinhlanu ezibangela ukucindezeleka, okuyizinselele nezinkinga okudingeka zibhekane nazo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto ngokuvamile.
- Umbono Wokuphatha: Izinkampani ngokuvamile zibheka i-Intanethi Yezinto njengobuchwepheshe kunokushintsha imodeli yazo yebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, uma iphrojekthi ye-iot iholwa umnyango we-IT, kunzima ukukhiqiza izinguquko ezidingekayo ekuziphatheni, enqubweni, ekuphatheni, kanye nasekusebenzeni.
- Ukusebenzisana: I-inthanethi Yezinto ayikho yonke indawo, ngaso sonke isikhathi, isenendlela ende okufanele ihanjwe, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi zemvelo "ze-smokestack" emakethe ye-iot njengamanje.
- Izindleko Zokufaka: Iningi labasebenzisi bebhizinisi kanye nabathengi babheka ukufakwa kwezixazululo ze-iot njengenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zezindleko. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuphazamiseka kwangaphambilini, ukusebenzisana, okwandisa ubunzima bokufakwa.
- Ukuphepha Kwe-inthanethi: Ohulumeni abaningi, amabhizinisi kanye nabasebenzisi banaka ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi yezinto, futhi ama-node e-inthanethi yezinto emhlabeni wonke anikeza amathuba engeziwe kubaduni.
- Ubumfihlo Bedatha: Ngokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokuvikela idatha emazweni ahlukahlukene, ubumfihlo sebuyinto ekhathaza kakhulu amabhizinisi amaningi kanye nabathengi.
Uma ubhekene nezivunguvungu ezibukhali nezingemuva, iMcKinsey inikeza izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa zokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwamaphrojekthi e-iot amakhulu:
- Chaza uchungechunge lokwenza izinqumo kanye nabenzi bezinqumo bamaphrojekthi e-Internet of Things. Njengamanje, amabhizinisi amaningi awanabo abenzi bezinqumo abacacile bamaphrojekthi e-iot, futhi amandla okwenza izinqumo asakazeke emisebenzini ehlukahlukene kanye neminyango yebhizinisi. Abenzi bezinqumo abacacile bayisihluthulelo sempumelelo yamaphrojekthi e-iot.
- Cabanga ngezinga kusukela ekuqaleni. Izikhathi eziningi, izinkampani zikhangwa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi zigxile ku-pilot, okuphelela “ekuhlanzweni kwe-pilot” kwe-pilot eqhubekayo.
- Yiba nesibindi sokuzivumelanisa nomdlalo. Ngaphandle kwenhlamvu yesiliva - okungukuthi, akukho buchwepheshe noma indlela eyodwa engaphazamisa - ukusebenzisa nokusebenzisa izixazululo eziningi ze-iot ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenza kube lula ukuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi ziguqule amamodeli azo ebhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza ukuze zithole inani elengeziwe.
- Tshala imali ethalenteni lobuchwepheshe. Isihluthulelo sokuxazulula ukushoda kwethalente lobuchwepheshe le-Intanethi Yezinto akusibo abantu abazongenela ukhetho, kodwa abaqashi abakhuluma ulimi lobuchwepheshe futhi abanamakhono ebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe. Nakuba onjiniyela bedatha nososayensi abakhulu bebalulekile, ukuthuthuka kwamakhono okuhlela kuncike ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kolwazi lwedatha kuyo yonke ibhodi.
- Kabusha amamodeli nezinqubo zebhizinisi eziyinhloko. Ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi e-Internet of Things akukhona okweminyango ye-IT kuphela. Ubuchwepheshe bodwa abukwazi ukuvula amandla futhi budale inani le-Internet of Things. Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kungaba nomthelela kuphela ngokuklama kabusha imodeli yokusebenza kanye nenqubo yebhizinisi.
- Khuthaza ukusebenzisana. Isimo samanje se-iot, esibuswa yizindawo zemvelo ezihlukanisiwe, ezizinikele, eziqhutshwa yi-vlocation, sinciphisa ikhono le-iot lokukhulisa nokuhlanganisa, sivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwe-iot futhi sinyusa izindleko. Abasebenzisi bebhizinisi bangasebenzisa ukusebenzisana njengendlela yokuthenga ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana kwezinhlelo ze-iot namapulatifomu ngezinga elithile. Khuthaza ukusebenzisana. Isimo samanje se-iot, esibuswa yizindawo zemvelo ezihlukanisiwe, ezizinikele, eziqhutshwa yi-vlocation, sinciphisa ikhono le-iot lokukhulisa nokuhlanganisa, sivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwe-iot futhi sinyusa izindleko. Abasebenzisi bebhizinisi bangasebenzisa ukusebenzisana njengendlela yokuthenga ukukhuthaza ukuxhumana kwezinhlelo ze-iot namapulatifomu ngezinga elithile.
- Ukubumba indawo yenkampani ngendlela ephumelelayo. Amabhizinisi kufanele alwele ukwakha eyawo i-iot ecology. Isibonelo, kufanele sinikeze ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi kuqala kusukela osukwini lokuqala, sikhethe abahlinzeki abathembekile, futhi sakhe uhlaka lokuphathwa kwezingozi zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi oluvela ezicini ezimbili zezixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kwenkampani ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi yezinto kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
Sekukonke, uMcKinsey ukholelwa ukuthi i-Intanethi Yezinto, yize ikhula kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe, isazokwakha inani elikhulu kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo. Izici ezinciphisa futhi zivimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto akuzona ubuchwepheshe ngokwazo noma ukuntuleka kokuzethemba, kodwa izinkinga zokusebenza kanye nezemvelo. Ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-iot singaqhutshekiswa kanjani njengoba kuhleliwe kuncike ekutheni amabhizinisi e-iot nabasebenzisi babhekana kanjani nalezi zici ezimbi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-22-2021