Isingeniso
Njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kushesha, amaphrojekthi amaningi abhekene nawoizidingo zokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-zeroIzinsiza zikagesi zivame ukuvimbela amandla elanga amaningi ukuthi abuyele emuva kugridi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezine-transformers egcwele, ubunikazi obungacacile bamalungelo okuxhuma igridi, noma imithetho eqinile yekhwalithi yamandla. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela yokufakaamamitha kagesi aphikisana nokuhlehla (okungenazo izithumeli), izixazululo eziyinhloko ezitholakalayo, kanye nokulungiselelwa okufanele kosayizi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-PV ezahlukene.
1. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngaphambi Kokufaka
Izimo Eziphoqelekile Zokungathumeli Ngaphandle Kwempahla
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Ukugcwala kwe-transformer: Uma ama-transformer endawo esevele esebenza ngomthamo ophezulu, amandla angemuva angabangela ukugcwala ngokweqile, ukukhubeka, noma ukwehluleka kwemishini.
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Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kuphela (akukho ukuthekelisa kwegridi okuvunyelwe): Amaphrojekthi angenayo imvume yokufaka igridi kumele asebenzise wonke amandla akhiqizwe endaweni.
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Ukuvikelwa kwekhwalithi yamandla: Amandla abuyela emuva angase angenise izingxenye ze-DC, ama-harmonics, noma imithwalo engalingani, okwehlisa ikhwalithi yegridi.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ngaphambi Kokufakwa
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Ukuhambisana kwedivayisi: Qinisekisa ukuthi umthamo olinganisiwe wemitha ufana nosayizi wesistimu ye-PV (isigaba esisodwa ≤8kW, isigaba sesithathu >8kW). Hlola ukuxhumana kwe-inverter (RS485 noma okulinganayo).
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Indawo ezungezile: Uma ufaka ngaphandle, lungisa izindawo zokuvala ezingangenisi isimo sezulu. Uma usebenzisa izinhlelo ze-multi-inverter, hlela izintambo zebhasi ze-RS485 noma ama-concentrator edatha ye-Ethernet.
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Ukuthobela imithetho nokuphepha: Qinisekisa indawo yokuxhuma yegridi nohlelo lokusebenza, bese uhlola ukuthi ububanzi bomthwalo buhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwe-PV okulindelekile.
2. Izixazululo ze-Core Zero-Export
Isixazululo 1: Ukunciphisa Amandla Ngokulawula I-Inverter
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Isimiso: Imitha ehlakaniphile ilinganisa isiqondiso samanje sesikhathi sangempela. Uma kutholakala ukugeleza okuphambene, imitha ixhumana nge-RS485 (noma ezinye izindlela) ne-inverter, okunciphisa amandla ayo okukhipha kuze kube yilapho ukuthekelisa = 0.
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Izimo zokusetshenziswa: Izindawo ezigcwele i-transformer, amaphrojekthi okuzisebenzisa wona anemithwalo eqinile.
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Izinzuzo: Impendulo elula, engabizi kakhulu, esheshayo, asikho isidingo sokugcina.
Isixazululo 2: Ukumuncwa Komthwalo noma Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesitoreji Samandla
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Isimiso: Imitha iqapha ugesi endaweni yokuxhuma igridi. Esikhundleni sokunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-inverter, amandla amaningi adluliselwa ezinhlelweni zokugcina noma imithwalo yokulahla udoti (isb., ama-heater, imishini yezimboni).
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Izimo zokusetshenziswaAmaphrojekthi anemithwalo eguquguqukayo kakhulu, noma lapho ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-PV kuyinto eza kuqala.
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Izinzuzo: Ama-inverter ahlala kumodi ye-MPPT, amandla awachithwa, i-ROI ephezulu yesistimu.
3. Izimo Zokufaka Ngosayizi Wesistimu
Izinhlelo Zokuguqula Ezikodwa (≤100 kW)
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Ukucushwa: I-inverter eyi-1 + imitha ehlakaniphile eyi-1 eqondiswa kabili.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kokukhipha kwe-AC ye-inverter kanye ne-breaker eyinhloko. Akufanele kuxhunywe eminye imithwalo phakathi.
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I-oda lokuxhuma izintambo: I-PV inverter → Ama-Transformer Amanje (uma esetshenziswa) → Imitha yamandla ehlakaniphile → I-Main breaker → Imithwalo yendawo / Igridi.
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I-logic: Imitha ilinganisa isiqondiso namandla, bese i-inverter ilungisa okukhiphayo ukuze kuhambisane nomthwalo.
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Inzuzo: Ukuxhuma izintambo okulula, izindleko eziphansi, impendulo esheshayo.
Izinhlelo ze-Multi-Inverter (>100 kW)
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Ukucushwa: Ama-inverter amaningi + imitha yamandla ehlakaniphile eyodwa + i-concentrator yedatha eyodwa.
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Indawo yemitha: Endaweni yokuxhumanisa igridi evamile (zonke iziphumo ze-inverter zihlanganisiwe).
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Ukuxhuma izintambo: Imiphumela ye-Inverter → Ibha yebhasi → Imitha ye-Bidirectional → I-Data concentrator → I-Main breaker → Igridi/Imithwalo.
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I-logic: I-data concentrator iqoqa idatha yemitha bese isabalalisa imiyalo ku-inverter ngayinye ngokulinganayo.
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Inzuzo: Izilungiselelo zepharamitha eziguquguqukayo, eziguquguqukayo, ezilawulwayo, neziguquguqukayo.
4. Ukufakwa Ezinhlotsheni Ezihlukene Zephrojekthi
Amaphrojekthi Okuzisebenzisa Kuphela
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Isidingo: Akukho ukuthunyelwa kwegridi okuvunyelwe.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kokukhipha kwe-AC ye-inverter kanye ne-local load breaker. Akukho switch yokuxhuma igridi esetshenziswayo.
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Isheke: Hlola ngaphansi kokukhiqizwa okugcwele ngaphandle komthwalo — i-inverter kufanele yehlise amandla abe yi-zero.
Amaphrojekthi Okugcwala Kwe-Transformer
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Isidingo: Ukuxhumeka kwegridi kuvunyelwe, kodwa amandla okubuyela emuva awenqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kokukhipha kwe-inverter kanye ne-grid connection breaker.
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I-logicUma kutholakala amandla angemuva, i-inverter inciphisa ukuphuma; njenge-backup, ama-breaker anganqamuka ukuze agweme ukucindezeleka kwe-transformer.
Amaphrojekthi Okusebenzisa Okwendabuko + Ukuthumela Igridi Ngaphandle
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Isidingo: Ukuthumela ngaphandle kuvunyelwe, kodwa kunqunyelwe.
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Ukusethwa kwemitha: Imitha elwa nokuphenduka ifakiwe ngokulandelana ngemitha yokukhokha yenkampani ehlinzeka ngezinsizakalo.
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I-logic: Imitha elwa nokuphenduka ivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; kuphela uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka lapho imitha yosizo iqopha khona.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo 1: Ingabe imitha ngokwayo iyayeka ukugeleza okuphambene?
Cha. Imitha ilinganisa isiqondiso samandla bese iyabika. I-inverter noma isilawuli senza isenzo.
Umbuzo 2: Uhlelo lungasabela ngokushesha kangakanani?
Ngokuvamile kungakapheli imizuzwana eyi-1-2, kuye ngesivinini sokuxhumana kanye ne-firmware ye-inverter.
Umbuzo 3: Kwenzekani ngesikhathi inethiwekhi ihluleka?
Ukuxhumana kwendawo (RS485 noma ukulawula okuqondile) kuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo ngisho noma kungekho i-inthanethi.
Umbuzo 4: Ingabe la mamitha angasebenza ezinhlelweni zesigaba esihlukanisiwe (120/240V)?
Yebo, amamodeli athile aklanyelwe ukusingatha ukucushwa kwesigaba esihlukanisiwe okusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika.
Isiphetho
Ukuthobela imithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-zero sekuba yimpoqo kumaphrojekthi amaningi e-PV. Ngokufaka amamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile alwa nokubuyela emuva endaweni efanele bese uwahlanganisa nama-inverter, imithwalo yokulahla imfucuza, noma indawo yokugcina,Ama-EPC, osonkontileka, kanye nabathuthukisiingaletha izinhlelo zelanga ezithembekile nezihambisana nemithethonqubo. Lezi zixazululo azigcini nje ngokuhlinzekavikela igridikodwa futhiukwandisa ukuzisebenzisa kanye ne-ROIkubasebenzisi bokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-07-2025