Isingeniso
Njengoba ukutholwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kuyashesha, amaphrojekthi amaningi abhekene nawoizimfuneko zokuthumela ngaphandle. Izinsiza ngokuvamile zivimbela amandla elanga engeziwe ukuthi ageleze abuyele kugridi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinama-transformer agcwele, ubunikazi obungacacile bamalungelo okuxhumeka kwegridi, noma imithetho eqinile yekhwalithi yamandla. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela yokufakaanti-reverse (zero-export) amamitha wamandla, izixazululo eziyinhloko ezitholakalayo, kanye nokucushwa okulungile kosayizi abahlukene besistimu ye-PV nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
1. Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Ngaphambi Kokufaka
Izimo Eziyisibopho Ze-Zero-Export
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Ukugcwala kwesiguquli: Uma ama-transformer endawo esevele esebenza ngomthamo omkhulu, amandla ahlehlayo angabangela ukugcwala, ukukhubeka, noma ukwehluleka kwemishini.
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Ukuzithengela wena kuphela (akukho ukuthekelisa kwegridi okuvunyelwe): Amaphrojekthi ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kokuphakelayo kwegridi kufanele asebenzise wonke amandla akhiqizwe endaweni.
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Ukuvikelwa kwekhwalithi yamandla: Amandla ahlehlayo angase ethule izingxenye ze-DC, ama-harmonics, noma imithwalo engalingani, ehlisa ikhwalithi yegridi.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokufaka Ngaphambili
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Ukuhambisana kwedivayisi: Qinisekisa ukuthi umthamo olinganiselwe wemitha ufana nosayizi wesistimu ye-PV (isigaba esisodwa ≤8kW, isigaba sesithathu >8kW). Hlola ukuxhumana kwe-inverter (RS485 noma okulinganayo).
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Imvelo: Ukuze ufakelwe ngaphandle, lungiselela izindawo ezivalekile ezingamelana nesimo sezulu. Kuzinhlelo ze-multi-inverter, hlela izintambo zebhasi ze-RS485 noma izikhonzi zedatha ze-Ethernet.
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Ukuhambisana nokuphepha: Qinisekisa iphoyinti loxhumano lwegridi ngesisetshenziswa, futhi uhlole ukuthi ububanzi bomthwalo bufana nokukhiqizwa kwe-PV okulindelekile.
2. I-Core Zero-Export Solutions
Isixazululo 1: Ukunciphisa Amandla Nge-Inverter Control
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Isimiso: Imitha ehlakaniphile ikala indlela yamanje yesikhathi sangempela. Uma ukugeleza okubuyela emuva kutholwa, imitha ixhumana nge-RS485 (noma ezinye izivumelwano) ne-inverter, enciphisa amandla ayo okukhiphayo kuze kube yilapho i-export = 0.
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Sebenzisa amacala: Izindawo ezigcwele i-Transformer-saturated, amaphrojekthi wokuzithengela anemithwalo ezinzile.
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Izinzuzo: Ilula, izindleko eziphansi, impendulo esheshayo, asikho isidingo sokugcina.
Isixazululo 2: Ukumuncwa Komthwalo noma Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesitoreji Samandla
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Isimiso: Iziqapha imitha zamanje endaweni yokuxhuma kugridi. Esikhundleni sokukhawulela ukuphuma kwe-inverter, amandla engeziwe adluliselwa kumasistimu okugcina noma imithwalo yokulahla (isb., izifudumezi, imishini yezimboni).
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Sebenzisa amacala: Amaphrojekthi anemithwalo eguquguqukayo kakhulu, noma lapho ukukhulisa ukwenziwa kwe-PV kubaluleke kakhulu.
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Izinzuzo: Iziguquli zihlala kumodi ye-MPPT, amandla awachithwanga, i-ROI yesistimu ephakeme.
3. Izimo zokufaka ngosayizi wesistimu
I-Single-Inverter Systems (≤100 kW)
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Ukucushwa: 1 inverter + 1 bidirectional smart imitha.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kwe-inverter AC okukhiphayo kanye ne-breaker enkulu. Ayikho eminye imithwalo okufanele ixhunywe phakathi.
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I-oda lezintambo: Isiguquli se-PV → Iziguquli Zamanje (uma zisetshenziswa) → Imitha yamandla ehlakaniphile → Isinqamuli esikhulu → Imithwalo yasendaweni / Igridi.
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Okunengqondo: Imitha ikala isiqondiso namandla, bese i-inverter ilungisa okukhiphayo ukuze ihambisane nomthwalo.
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Zuza: Izintambo ezilula, izindleko eziphansi, impendulo esheshayo.
Ama-Multi-Inverter Systems (>100 kW)
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Ukucushwa: Ama-inverter amaningi + 1 imitha yamandla ehlakaniphile + 1 isigxivizo sedatha.
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Indawo yemitha: Endaweni yokuhlanganisa yegridi evamile (yonke imiphumela ye-inverter ihlanganisiwe).
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Izintambo: Okuphumayo kwesiguquli → Ibha yebhasi → imitha eqondiswa kabili → Isigxilisi sedatha → Isihlukanisi esikhulu → Igridi/Imithwalo.
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Okunengqondo: I-concentrator yedatha iqoqa idatha yemitha futhi isabalalise imiyalo kusiguquli ngasinye ngokulingana.
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Zuza: I-Scalable, isilawuli esimaphakathi, izilungiselelo eziguquguqukayo zepharamitha.
4. Ukufakwa Ezinhlotsheni Ezihlukene Zephrojekthi
Amaphrojekthi Wokuzidla Kuphela
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Imfuneko: Akukho ukuthunyelwa kwegridi okuvunyelwe.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kwe-inverter AC okukhiphayo kanye ne-load breaker yendawo. Akukho ukushintsha kokuxhumeka kwegridi okusetshenzisiwe.
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Hlola: Hlola ngaphansi kwesizukulwane esigcwele ngaphandle komthwalo - inverter kufanele yehlise amandla aze afike kuqanda.
Transformer Saturation Projects
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Imfuneko: Ukuxhumeka kwegridi kuvunyelwe, kodwa amandla ahlehlayo anqatshelwe ngokuphelele.
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Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kokuphuma kwe-inverter kanye ne-grid yokuxhuma i-breaker.
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Okunengqondo: Uma amandla ahlehlayo etholwa, i-inverter ikhawulela okukhiphayo; njengesipele, ama-breaker angase anqamule ukugwema ukucindezeleka kwe-transformer.
I-Traditional Self-Consumption + I-Grid Export Projects
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Imfuneko: Ukuthunyelwa kuvunyelwe, kodwa kunqunyelwe.
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Ukusetha imitha: Imitha ye-anti-reverse ifakwe ochungechungeni ngemitha yokukhokha eqondiswa kabili yensiza.
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Okunengqondo: Imitha ye-anti-reverse ivimbela ukuthekelisa; kuphela uma kwenzeka kwehluleka lapho imitha yokusetshenziswa irekhoda ukuphakela ngaphakathi.
5. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Q1: Ingabe imitha ngokwayo imisa ukugeleza okubuyela emuva?
Cha. Imitha ikala isiqondiso samandla bese iyabika. I-inverter noma isilawuli senza isenzo.
Q2: Isistimu ingasabela ngokushesha kangakanani?
Ngokuvamile kungakapheli imizuzwana engu-1–2, kuye ngesivinini sokuxhumana kanye ne-firmware ye-inverter.
Q3: Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhluleka kwenethiwekhi?
Ukuxhumana kwendawo (RS485 noma ukulawula okuqondile) kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo ngisho nangaphandle kwe-inthanethi.
Q4: Ingabe lawa mamitha angasebenza ezinhlelweni zesigaba sokuhlukaniswa (120/240V)?
Yebo, amamodeli athile aklanyelwe ukuphatha ukulungiselelwa kwesigaba sokuhlukaniswa okusetshenziswa eNyakatho Melika.
Isiphetho
Ukuthobela i-Zero-export sekuyimpoqo kumaphrojekthi amaningi e-PV. Ngokufaka amamitha wamandla ahlakaniphile aphikisana nokuhlehla endaweni efanele futhi uwahlanganise neziguquli, ukulahla imithwalo, noma isitoreji,Ama-EPC, osonkontileka, nabathuthukisiingaletha amasistimu elanga athembekile, athobela umthetho. Lezi zixazululo hhayi kuphelavikela igridikodwa futhiwandise ukuzisebenzisela wena kanye ne-ROIkubasebenzisi bokugcina.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-07-2025