Umthombo: Ulink Media
Enkathini yangemva kobhubhane, sikholelwa ukuthi izinzwa ze-infrared zibalulekile nsuku zonke. Enqubweni yokuya emsebenzini, sidinga ukukala izinga lokushisa kaningi ngaphambi kokuthi sifinyelele lapho siya khona. Njengesilinganiso sokushisa esinenani elikhulu lezinzwa ze-infrared, empeleni, kunezindima eziningi ezibalulekile. Okulandelayo, ake sibheke kahle inzwa ye-infrared.
Isingeniso Sezinzwa ze-Infrared
Noma yini engaphezu kukaziro ngokuphelele (-273°C) ihlezi ikhipha amandla e-infrared endaweni ezungezile, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Futhi inzwa ye-infrared, iyakwazi ukuzwa amandla e-infrared wento futhi iguqule ibe izingxenye zikagesi. Inzwa ye-infrared iqukethe isistimu yokubona, i-elementi yokubona kanye nesekhethi yokuguqula.
Isistimu ye-Optical ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokudlulisela kanye nohlobo lokubonisa ngokusho kwesakhiwo esihlukile. Ukudlulisa kudinga izingxenye ezimbili, eyodwa edlulisa i-infrared neyodwa ethola i-infrared. Isibonisi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sidinga inzwa eyodwa kuphela ukuze siqoqe ulwazi olufunayo.
Isici sokuthola singahlukaniswa sibe isici sokuthola ukushisa okushisayo kanye nesici sokuthola ugesi we-photoelectric ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza. Ama-thermistors yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezishisayo. Lapho i-thermistor ingaphansi kwemisebe ye-infrared, izinga lokushisa liyakhula, futhi ukumelana kuyashintsha (lolu shintsho lungaba lukhulu noma lube luncane, ngoba i-thermistor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-coefficient thermistor enhle kanye ne-negative lokushisa ye-coefficient thermistor), engaguqulelwa ekuphumeni kwesignali kagesi. ngokusebenzisa umjikelezo wokuguqulwa. Izakhi zokuthola ugesi wezithombe zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezakhi ezizwelayo, ngokuvamile ezenziwe nge-lead sulfide, i-lead selenide, i-indium arsenide, i-antimony arsenide, i-mercury cadmium telluride ternary alloy, i-germanium ne-silicon doped materials.
Ngokuya ngamasekhethi ahlukene wokucutshungulwa kwesignali nokuguqula, izinzwa ze-infrared zingahlukaniswa zibe uhlobo lwe-analog nolwedijithali. Isekhethi yokucubungula isignali yenzwa ye-analog pyroelectric infrared iyishubhu esebenza ensimini, kuyilapho isifunda sokucubungula isignali senzwa yedijithali ye-pyroelectric infrared iyi-chip yedijithali.
Imisebenzi eminingi yenzwa ye-infrared yenziwa ngezimvume ezihlukene nezinhlanganisela zezingxenye ezintathu ezibucayi: isistimu yokubona, i-elementi yokubona kanye nesekethe yokuguqula. Ake sibheke ezinye izindawo lapho izinzwa ze-infrared zenze khona umehluko.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-infrared
1. Ukutholwa Kwegesi
Umgomo we-infrared optical wenzwa yegesi uwuhlobo olusekelwe ezicini zokumunca eziseduze ne-infrared spectral ezikhethiwe zamangqamuzana egesi ahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kokugxila kwegesi kanye nobudlelwano bamandla okumuncwa (umthetho we-Lambert - bill Lambert Beer) ukuhlonza nokunquma ukugcwala kwengxenye yegesi yengxenye yegesi. idivayisi yenzwa.
Izinzwa ze-infrared zingasetshenziswa ukuthola imephu yokuhlaziya i-infrared njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingenhla. Amamolekyuli akhiwe ama-athomu ahlukene azomuncwa ngaphansi kwe-infrared ukukhanya kwe-infrared ngefrikhwensi efanayo, okuholela ekushintsheni kokuqina kokukhanya kwe-infrared. Ngokuya ngeziqongo zamagagasi ahlukene, izinhlobo zegesi eziqukethwe kungxube zinganqunywa.
Ngokuya ngokuma kwenani eliphakeme lokumuncwa kwe-infrared, yimaphi amaqembu akhona ku-molecule yegesi enganqunywa. Ukuze sinqume ngokunembile uhlobo lwegesi, sidinga ukubheka izindawo ezimi kuzo zonke iziqongo zokumuncwa endaweni yegesi emaphakathi ne-infrared, okungukuthi, izigxivizo zeminwe zokumuncwa kwe-infrared zegesi. Nge-spectrum ye-infrared, okuqukethwe kwegesi ngayinye engxube kungahlaziywa ngokushesha.
Izinzwa zegesi ye-infrared zisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ye-petrochemical, metallurgical, imayini yesimo sokusebenza, ukuqapha ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nokutholwa okuhlobene ne-carbon neutralization, ezolimo nezinye izimboni. Njengamanje, ama-laser amaphakathi ne-infrared ayabiza. Ngikholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, ngenani elikhulu lezimboni ezisebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared ukuthola igesi, izinzwa zegesi ye-infrared zizoba zinhle kakhulu futhi zishibhile.
2. Ibanga le-infrared
Inzwa yokukhanya kwe-infrared iwuhlobo lwedivayisi ezwayo, ukusebenzisa i-infrared njengohlelo lokulinganisa, ububanzi bokulinganisa, isikhathi esifushane sokuphendula, esisetshenziswa kakhulu kwisayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe, ukuvikela kuzwelonke kanye nezinkambu zezimboni nezolimo.
Inzwa ephakathi kwe-infrared inepheya yesignali ye-infrared edlulisa futhi yamukela ama-diode, isebenzisa inzwa ephakathi kwe-infrared ukuze ikhiphe umsebe wokukhanya kwe-infrared, yakhe inqubo yokubonakalisa ngemva kokukhipha imisebe entweni, ikhombisa inzwa ngemva kokuthola isignali, bese isebenzisa i-CCD. ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe kuthola ukudlulisa nokwamukela idatha yomehluko wesikhathi. Ibanga lento ibalwa ngemva kokucubungula iphrosesa yesiginali. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zemvelo, kodwa futhi kumaphaneli akhanyayo. Ibanga lokulinganisa, impendulo yemvamisa ephezulu, ilungele izindawo zezimboni ezinokhahlo.
3. I-Infrared Transmission
Ukudluliswa kwedatha kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-infrared nakho kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Isilawuli kude se-TV sisebenzisa amasiginali we-infrared ukulawula ukude i-TV; Omakhalekhukhwini bangadlulisa idatha ngokusebenzisa i-infrared transmission. Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ebezikhona kusukela kwaqalwa ukwenziwa ubuchwepheshe be-infrared.
4. Isithombe se-Infrared Thermal
Isithombe esishisayo inzwa yokwenziwa engathwebula imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa yizo zonke izinto izinga lokushisa lazo lingaphezu kukaziro ophelele. Isithombe esishisayo ekuqaleni sathuthukiswa njengethuluzi lokugada lezempi nelokubona ebusuku, kodwa njengoba sisetshenziswa kabanzi, intengo yehla, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa kakhulu inkambu yesicelo. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zesithombe esishisayo zifaka izilwane, ezolimo, izakhiwo, ukutholwa kwegesi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni nezempi, kanye nokutholwa komuntu, ukulandelela nokuhlonza. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isithombe esishisayo se-infrared siye sasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi ukukala ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lemikhiqizo.
5. Ukungeniswa kwe-infrared
I-infrared induction switch iyiswishi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo esekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokungenisa infrared. Ibona umsebenzi wayo wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngokuzwa ukushisa kwe-infrared okukhishwa emhlabeni wangaphandle. Iyakwazi ukuvula amalambu ngokushesha, izicabha ezizenzakalelayo, ama-alamu okuvikela ukwebiwa nezinye izinto zikagesi.
Ngelensi yeFresnel yenzwa ye-infrared, ukukhanya kwe-infrared okuhlakazekile okukhishwa umzimba womuntu kungazwakala ngokushintsha, ukuze kubonakale imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo njengokukhanyisa ukukhanya. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokuduma kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukuzwa kwe-infrared kuye kwasetshenziswa kumakani kadoti ahlakaniphile, izindlu zangasese ezihlakaniphile, amaswishi ahlakaniphile, iminyango yokungeniswa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile. Ukuzwa nge-infrared akukhona nje ukuzwa abantu, kodwa kubuyekezwa njalo ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi eyengeziwe.
Isiphetho
Eminyakeni yamuva, imboni ye-inthanethi Yezinto ithuthuke ngokushesha futhi inethemba elibanzi lemakethe. Kulo mongo, imakethe yezinzwa ze-infrared nayo ibe nokukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, izinga lemakethe le-infrared detector yaseChina liyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokusho kwedatha, ngo-2019, usayizi wemakethe ye-infrared yaseChina ecishe ibe yizigidi ezingama-400, ngo-2020 noma cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-500. Kuhlanganiswe nesidingo sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa le-infrared lobhubhane kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ukuze kutholwe igesi ye-infrared, usayizi wemakethe wezinzwa ze-infrared uzoba mkhulu ngokuzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-16-2022