Umthombo: I-Ulink Media
Esikhathini sangemva kobhubhane, sikholelwa ukuthi izinzwa ze-infrared zibalulekile nsuku zonke. Enkambisweni yokuhamba, sidinga ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kaninginingi ngaphambi kokuba sifike lapho siya khona. Njengesilinganiso sokushisa esinezinzwa eziningi ze-infrared, empeleni, kunezindima eziningi ezibalulekile. Okulandelayo, ake sibheke kahle inzwa ye-infrared.
Isingeniso Sezinzwa Ze-Infrared
Noma yini engaphezu kwe-absolute zero (-273°C) ikhipha amandla e-infrared njalo esikhaleni esizungezile, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Futhi i-infrared sensor, iyakwazi ukuzwa amandla e-infrared ento bese iyiguqula ibe yizingxenye zikagesi. I-infrared sensor iqukethe uhlelo lwe-optical, i-detecting element kanye ne-conversion circuit.
Uhlelo lokubona lungahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokudlulisela kanye nohlobo lokubonisa ngokwesakhiwo esihlukile. Ukudlulisela kudinga izingxenye ezimbili, enye i-infrared edlulisa kanye nenye i-infrared etholayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-reflector idinga inzwa eyodwa kuphela ukuqoqa ulwazi olufunwayo.
Isici sokuthola singahlukaniswa sibe yisici sokuthola ukushisa kanye nesici sokuthola i-photoelectric ngokwesimiso sokusebenza. Ama-thermistors yiwona ama-thermistors asetshenziswa kakhulu. Lapho i-thermistor ibhekene nemisebe ye-infrared, izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, futhi ukumelana kuyashintsha (lolu shintsho lungaba lukhulu noma lube luncane, ngoba i-thermistor ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-thermistor yokushisa okuhle kanye ne-thermistor yokushisa okungalungile), engaguqulwa ibe yi-electron signal output ngokusebenzisa i-conversion circuit. Izinto zokuthola i-photoelectric zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezizwela ukukhanya, ngokuvamile zenziwe nge-lead sulfide, i-lead selenide, i-indium arsenide, i-antimony arsenide, i-mercury cadmium telluride ternary alloy, i-germanium kanye nezinto ezifakwe i-silicon.
Ngokwezifunda ezahlukene zokucubungula nokuguqula isignali, izinzwa ze-infrared zingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lwe-analog nolwedijithali. Isifunda sokucubungula isignali senzwa ye-analog pyroelectric infrared siyishubhu yomphumela wasensimini, kanti isifunda sokucubungula isignali senzwa ye-infrared ye-pyroelectric yedijithali siyi-chip yedijithali.
Imisebenzi eminingi yenzwa ye-infrared iyabonakala ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ezahlukene kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezintathu ezibucayi: uhlelo lwe-optical, i-detection element kanye ne-conversion circuit. Ake sibheke ezinye izindawo lapho izinzwa ze-infrared zenze khona umehluko.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Infrared Sensor
1. Ukutholwa Kwegesi
Isimiso se-infrared optical senzwa yegesi siwuhlobo lwe-based on near infrared spectral selective absorption features of different gas molecules, ukusetshenziswa kwe-gas concentration kanye nobudlelwano bamandla okumunca (Lambert – umthetho we-bill Lambert Beer) ukuhlonza nokunquma ukuminyana kwedivayisi yokuzwa igesi engxenyeni yegesi.
Izinzwa ze-infrared zingasetshenziswa ukuthola imephu yokuhlaziya i-infrared njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla. Ama-molecule akhiwe ngama-athomu ahlukene azomuncwa yi-infrared ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-infrared ngesivinini esifanayo, okuholela ekushintsheni kobukhulu bokukhanya kwe-infrared. Ngokusho kweziqongo zamagagasi ahlukene, izinhlobo zegesi eziqukethwe kule ngxube zinganqunywa.
Ngokwesikhundla se-infrared absorption peak eyodwa, kungatholakala ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu akhona ku-molecule yegesi kuphela. Ukuze sinqume ngokunembile uhlobo lwegesi, sidinga ukubheka izikhundla zazo zonke iziqongo zokumunca esifundeni esiphakathi kwe-infrared segesi, okungukuthi, iminwe yokumunca ye-infrared yegesi. Nge-infrared spectrum, okuqukethwe kwegesi ngayinye engxubeni kungahlaziywa ngokushesha.
Izinzwa zegesi ezisebenzisa i-infrared zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli, embonini yensimbi, ezimayini zesimo sokusebenza, ekuqapheni ukungcoliswa komoya kanye nasekutholeni okuhlobene nokungapheleli kwekhabhoni, kwezolimo nakwezinye izimboni. Njengamanje, ama-laser asebenzisa i-infrared ephakathi ayabiza. Ngikholwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, njengoba kunezimboni eziningi ezisebenzisa izinzwa ze-infrared ukuthola igesi, izinzwa zegesi ezisebenzisa i-infrared zizoba zinhle kakhulu futhi zishibhile.
2. Isilinganiso Sebanga Le-Infrared
Inzwa yokulinganisa ye-infrared uhlobo lwedivayisi yokuzwa, iwukusebenzisa i-infrared njengendlela yokulinganisa uhlelo, ububanzi bokulinganisa, isikhathi esifushane sokuphendula, esetshenziswa kakhulu kwisayensi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe, ukuvikela kwezwe kanye nemikhakha yezimboni nezolimo.
Inzwa yokulinganisa i-infrared ine-diode ezimbili zokudlulisa nokwamukela isignali ye-infrared, isebenzisa inzwa yokulinganisa i-infrared ukukhipha ukukhanya kwe-infrared, yakha inqubo yokubonisa ngemva kokukhanyisa into, ibonise inzwa ngemva kokwamukela isignali, bese kusetshenziswa ukucubungula isithombe se-CCD ethola idatha yokudlulisa nokwamukela umehluko wesikhathi. Ibanga lento libalwa ngemva kokucubungula yiprosesa yesignali. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zemvelo, kodwa futhi nasemaphanelini abonisa ukukhanya. Ibanga lokulinganisa, impendulo yemvamisa ephezulu, efanelekile ezindaweni zezimboni ezinzima.
3. Ukudluliselwa kwe-Infrared
Ukudluliswa kwedatha kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-infrared nakho kusetshenziswa kabanzi. Isilawuli kude se-TV sisebenzisa amasignali okudlulisa i-infrared ukulawula i-TV kude; Amaselula angadlulisa idatha ngokudluliswa kwe-infrared. Lezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibe khona kusukela ubuchwepheshe be-infrared basungulwa okokuqala.
4. Isithombe Sokushisa Esine-infrared
I-Thermal imager iyinzwa engasebenzi engakwazi ukubamba imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa yizo zonke izinto ezinokushisa okuphezulu kuno-zero ophelele. I-thermal imager yasungulwa ekuqaleni njengethuluzi lokuqapha lezempi kanye nokubona ebusuku, kodwa njengoba yayisetshenziswa kabanzi, intengo yehla, ngaleyo ndlela yandisa kakhulu insimu yesicelo. Izicelo ze-thermal imager zifaka phakathi izilwane, ezolimo, izakhiwo, ukutholwa kwegesi, izinhlelo zezimboni nezezempi, kanye nokutholwa kwabantu, ukulandelela kanye nokuhlonza. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isithombe se-infrared thermal sisetshenziswe ezindaweni eziningi zomphakathi ukukala ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lemikhiqizo.
5. Ukufakwa kwe-Infrared
Iswishi yokungenisa i-infrared iyiswishi yokulawula ezenzakalelayo esekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokungenisa i-infrared. Iqaphela umsebenzi wayo wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngokuzwa ukushisa kwe-infrared okukhishwa ezweni langaphandle. Ingavula ngokushesha izibani, iminyango ezenzakalelayo, ama-alamu okulwa nokwebiwa kanye neminye imishini kagesi.
Ngelensi yeFresnel yenzwa ye-infrared, ukukhanya kwe-infrared okuhlakazekile okukhishwa ngumzimba womuntu kungazwakala yiswishi, ukuze kufezwe imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo njengokuvula ukukhanya. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthandwa kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, ukuzwa kwe-infrared kuye kwasetshenziswa nasezitsheni zikadoti ezihlakaniphile, ezindlini zangasese ezihlakaniphile, ezishintshini zesenzo ezihlakaniphile, ezicabheni zokungenisa kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile. Ukubona kwe-infrared akukhona nje ukuzwela abantu, kodwa kuvuselelwa njalo ukuze kufezwe imisebenzi eminingi.
Isiphetho
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni ye-Intanethi Yezinto ithuthuke ngokushesha futhi inethuba elikhulu lemakethe. Kulesi simo, imakethe yezinzwa ze-infrared nayo ikhule kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, isikali semakethe yezinzwa ze-infrared zaseShayina siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokusho kwedatha, ngo-2019, usayizi wemakethe yezinzwa ze-infrared zaseShayina wawucishe ube yizigidi ezingama-400 zama-yuan, ngo-2020 noma cishe yizigidi ezingama-500 zama-yuan. Kuhlanganiswe nesidingo sokulinganisa izinga lokushisa le-infrared lobhubhane kanye nokungapheleli kwekhabhoni kokutholwa kwegesi ye-infrared, usayizi wemakethe wezinzwa ze-infrared uzoba mkhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-16-2022