[Kuya ku-B noma ku-B, lo ngumbuzo. -- Shakespeare]
Ngo-1991, uProfesa we-MIT uKevin Ashton waqala ukuphakamisa umqondo we-Intanethi Yezinto.
Ngo-1994, kwaqedwa isithabathaba somuzi kaBill Gates, kwethulwa imishini yokukhanyisa ehlakaniphile kanye nesistimu yokulawula izinga lokushisa ehlakaniphile okokuqala ngqa. Imishini ehlakaniphile nezinhlelo ziqala ukungena emehlweni abantu abavamile.
Ngo-1999, i-MIT yasungula "Isikhungo Sokuhlonza Okuzenzakalelayo", esahlongoza ukuthi "yonke into ingaxhunywa ngenethiwekhi", futhi yacacisa incazelo eyisisekelo ye-Inthanethi yezinto.
Ngo-Agasti 2009, uNdunankulu u-Wen Jiabao wabeka phambili "i-Sensing China", i-iot yafakwa ngokusemthethweni ohlwini lwezimboni ezinhlanu ezisafufusa zezwe, ezibhalwe "kumbiko womsebenzi kahulumeni", iot idonse ukunaka okukhulu kuwo wonke umphakathi waseShayina.
Kamuva, imakethe ayisagcini kumakhadi ahlakaniphile namamitha amanzi, kodwa emikhakheni eyahlukene, imikhiqizo ye-iot kusukela ngemuva kuya phambili, emehlweni abantu.
Phakathi neminyaka engama-30 yokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, imakethe ihlangabezane nezinguquko eziningi nezinto ezintsha. Umbhali wahlanganisa umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-To C kanye ne-To B, futhi wazama ukubheka okwedlule ngombono wamanje, ukuze acabange ngekusasa le-Inthanethi yezinto, izoshonaphi?
Ku-C: Imikhiqizo emisha idonsa ukunaka komphakathi
Eminyakeni yokuqala, izinto zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile, eziqhutshwa inqubomgomo, zazinamakhowe njengamakhowe. Ngokushesha lapho le mikhiqizo yabathengi, njengezipikha ezihlakaniphile, amasongo ahlakaniphile namarobhothi ashanelayo, iphuma, iyathandwa.
· Isipikha esihlakaniphile sichitha umqondo wesipikha sasekhaya, esingaxhunywa inethiwekhi engenantambo, sihlanganise imisebenzi efana nokulawula ifenisha nokulawula amakamelo amaningi, futhi ilethe abasebenzisi umuzwa wokuzijabulisa omusha sha.Izipikha ezihlakaniphile zibonwa njengebhuloho ukuxhumana nalo. imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi yaziswe kakhulu izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana ne-Baidu, i-Tmall ne-Amazon.
· I-Xiaomi isongo ehlakaniphile ngemuva komdali, i-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesilinganiso esinethemba leqembu lobuchwepheshe be-Huami, isizukulwane se-Xiaomi band kakhulu sithengisa amayunithi ayisigidi esingu-1, imiphumela engaphansi konyaka emakethe, umhlaba uthengise amayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-10; Ibhendi yesizukulwane sesibili ithumele amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-32, ibeka irekhodi lezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezihlakaniphile zase-China.
· Irobhothi lokukolobha phansi: waneliseke ngemicabango yabantu ngokwanele, hlala kusofa ukuze ukwazi ukuqedela umsebenzi wasendlini. Kulokhu futhi kwakha igama elisha sha "umnotho ovilaphayo", lingasindisa isikhathi somsebenzi wasendlini kumsebenzisi, lapho nje liphuma lithandwa abathandi bomkhiqizo abaningi abahlakaniphile.
Isizathu esenza ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-To C iqhume kalula eminyakeni yokuqala ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile ngokwayo inomphumela we-hotspot. Abasebenzisi abanamashumi eminyaka efenisha endala, lapho bebona irobhothi elishanelayo, amawashi esongo ahlakaniphile, izipikha ezihlakaniphile neminye imikhiqizo, bazoba ngaphansi komfutho welukuluku lokuthenga lezi zimpahla ezisemfashinini, ngasikhathi sinye nokuvela kwenkundla yezokuxhumana ehlukahlukene (umbuthano we-WeChat wabangane , i-weibo, isikhala se-QQ, i-zhihu, njll.) kuzoba izici ze-amplifier, imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile futhi isakaze ngokushesha. Abantu banethemba lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo ngemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile. Akukhona nje ukuthi abakhiqizi bandise ukuthengisa kwabo, kodwa futhi abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe sebeqalile ukunaka i-inthanethi yezinto.
Ekhaya elihlakaniphile libe ngumbono wabantu, i-inthanethi nayo ithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo, inqubo yayo yokuthuthukisa ikhiqize ithuluzi eliqanjwe ngokuthi i-user portrait, ibe yimbangela yokuqhuma okuqhubekayo kwe-smart home. Ngokulawula okunembile kwabasebenzisi, sula amaphuzu abo ezinhlungu, i-smart home iteration endala kweminye imisebenzi, iqoqo elisha lemikhiqizo nalo livela ngokungapheli, imakethe iyachuma, inika abantu iphupho elihle.
Kodwa-ke, emakethe eshisayo, abanye abantu babona izimpawu. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi bemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile, isidingo sabo kulula kakhulu futhi intengo eyamukelekayo. Lapho ukusebenziseka kalula sekuxazululiwe, abakhiqizi nakanjani bazoqala ukwehlisa intengo yomkhiqizo, ukuze abantu abaningi bamukele intengo yemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile, ukuze bafune imakethe eyengeziwe. Njengoba amanani omkhiqizo ehla, ukukhula komsebenzisi kufinyelela emaphethelweni. Kukhona inombolo elinganiselwe kuphela yabasebenzisi abazimisele ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ehlakaniphile, futhi abantu abaningi babambe isimo sengqondo sokulondoloza mayelana nemikhiqizo ehlakaniphile. Ngeke babe abasebenzisi bemikhiqizo ye-inthanethi Yezinto ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhula kwemakethe kancane kancane kubambeke ebhodleleni.
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibonakala kakhulu zokuthengiswa kwezindlu ezihlakaniphile izingidi zeminyango ehlakaniphile. Eminyakeni yokuqala, ukhiye womnyango wawuklanyelwe ukuphela kwe-B. Ngaleso sikhathi, inani laliphezulu futhi lalisetshenziswa kakhulu amahhotela asezingeni eliphezulu. Kamuva, ngemva kokuduma kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, imakethe ye-C-terminal yaqala ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane ngokunyuka kokuthunyelwa, futhi intengo yemakethe ye-C-terminal yehla kakhulu. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi nakuba imakethe ye-C-terminal ishisa, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kunawo wonke ama-smart door locks, futhi abathengi, ikakhulukazi abaphethe amahhotela asezingeni eliphansi kanye nabaphathi bezindawo zokulala ezivamile, inhloso yokusebenzisa izingidi zeminyango iwukuba lula ukuphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi "babuyele emuva ezwini labo", futhi baqhubeka nokulima bajule ehhotela, indawo yokuhlala kanye nezinye izimo zesicelo. Thengisa i-smart door lock ku-opharetha wezindlu zehhotela, ungathengisa izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo ngesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba inzuzo yehlile, kodwa yehlisa izindleko eziningi zokuthengisa.
Ku-B: I-IoT ivula ingxenye yesibili yomncintiswano
Ngokufika kwalolu bhubhane, umhlaba uba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingakaze zibonwe ekhulwini leminyaka. Njengoba abathengi beqinisa izikhwama zabo zemali futhi bengasazimisele kangako ukuchitha imali emnothweni ontengantengayo, izikhondlakhondla ze-inthanethi Yezinto ziphendukela ku-B-terminal zifuna ukukhula kwemali engenayo.
Noma kunjalo, amakhasimende e-B-end ayadingeka futhi azimisele ukusebenzisa imali ukunciphisa izindleko futhi andise ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, amakhasimende e-B-terminal ngokuvamile anezidingo ezihlukene kakhulu, futhi amabhizinisi ahlukene nezimboni zinezidingo ezihlukene zobuhlakani, ngakho-ke izinkinga ezithile zidinga ukuhlaziywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umjikelezo wobunjiniyela bephrojekthi ye-B-end ngokuvamile ubude, futhi imininingwane iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, isicelo sezobuchwepheshe sinzima, izindleko zokuthunyelwa nokuthuthukiswa ziphakeme, futhi umjikelezo wokubuyisela iphrojekthi mude. Kukhona nezinkinga zokuphepha kwedatha nezindaba zobumfihlo okufanele ubhekane nazo, futhi ukuthola iphrojekthi ye-B-side akulula.
Kodwa-ke, uhlangothi lwe-B lwebhizinisi lunenzuzo enkulu, futhi inkampani encane yezixazululo ze-iot enamakhasimende ambalwa alungile ohlangothini lwe-B ingenza inzuzo engaguquki futhi isinde kulo bhubhane kanye nezinxushunxushu zezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba i-intanethi ikhula, ithalenta eningi embonini igxile emikhiqizweni ye-SaaS, okwenza abantu baqale ukunaka kakhulu ohlangothini lwe-B. Ngenxa yokuthi i-SaaS yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi uhlangothi lwe-B luphindwe, futhi luhlinzeka ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwenzuzo eyengeziwe (ukuqhubeka nokwenza imali ngezinsizakalo ezilandelayo).
Mayelana nemakethe, usayizi wemakethe ye-SaaS ufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-27.8 ngo-2020, okuwukunyuka kwama-43% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, kanti usayizi wemakethe ye-PaaS weqe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10, okuwukunyuka ngo-145% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. I-database, i-middleware kanye nezinsizakalo ezincane zanda ngokushesha. Umfutho onjalo, udonsa ukunaka kwabantu.
Ku-ToB (I-Industrial Internet of Things), abasebenzisi abakhulu bangamayunithi amaningi ebhizinisi, futhi izidingo eziyinhloko ze-AIoT ukwethembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlanganisa ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, ukwelashwa okuhlakaniphile, ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile, isitoreji esihlakaniphile, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile nezindawo zokupaka, nokushayela okuzenzakalelayo. Le mikhakha inezinkinga eziningi, hhayi izinga elingaxazululwa, futhi idinga ukuba nolwazi, uqonde imboni, uqonde isofthiwe futhi uqonde ukusetshenziswa kokubamba iqhaza kochwepheshe, ukuze kuzuzwe uguquko lokuqala oluhlakaniphile lwezimboni. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukukhuphula. Ngokuvamile, imikhiqizo ye-iot ifaneleka kakhulu izinkambu ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokuphepha (njengokukhiqizwa kwemayini yamalahle), ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa (njengokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha), kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokumiswa komkhiqizo (njengezingxenye, nsuku zonke. amakhemikhali namanye amazinga). Eminyakeni yamuva, i-B-terminal isiqalile ukubekwa kancane kancane kule mikhakha.
Ku-C→Kuya Ku-B: Kungani kunoshintsho olungaka
Kungani kunokugudluka ku-C-terminal kuya ku-B-terminal Internet of Things? Umbhali ufingqa izizathu ezilandelayo:
1. Ukukhula kugcwele futhi abekho abasebenzisi abanele. Abakhiqizi be-Iot bamagange ukufuna ijika lesibili lokukhula.
Eminyakeni eyishumi nane kamuva, i-inthanethi Yezinto yaziwa abantu, futhi izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu ziye zavela eShayina. Kukhona u-Xiaomi osemusha, kukhona nokuguqulwa kancane kancane komholi wefenisha yendabuko u-Halemy, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwekhamera evela e-Haikang Dahua, kukhona futhi emkhakheni wamamojula ukuze kube ukuthunyelwa kokuqala komhlaba kwe-Yuanyucom… Kuwo womabili amafektri amakhulu namancane, ukuthuthukiswa Kwe-inthanethi Yezinto kuyakhinyabeza ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe labasebenzisi.
Kodwa uma ubhukuda ngokumelene nomsinga, uzohlehla. Kuyafana nezinkampani ezidinga ukukhula njalo ukuze ziphile ezimakethe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi baqala ukwandisa ijika lesibili. I-Millet yakha imoto, njengoba yathi yaphoqeleka ukuba ingabi namandla; Haikang Dahua, embikweni wonyaka izoshintsha buthule ibhizinisi izinto ezihlakaniphile amabhizinisi; IHuawei ivinjelwe yi-United States futhi iphendukela emakethe ye-B-end. Ibutho elisunguliwe kanye ne-Huawei Cloud yizindawo zokungena kubo ukuze bangene kwimakethe ye-inthanethi Yezinto nge-5G. Njengoba izinkampani ezinkulu zithuthelekela ku-B, kumele zithole indawo yokukhula.
2. Uma kuqhathaniswa netheminali engu-C, izindleko zokufunda zetheminali engu-B ziphansi.
Umsebenzisi ungumuntu oyinkimbinkimbi, ngesithombe somsebenzisi, angachaza ingxenye yokuziphatha kwakhe, kodwa awukho umthetho wokuqeqesha umsebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukufundisa abasebenzisi, futhi izindleko zenqubo yemfundo kunzima ukuzibala.
Kodwa-ke, ezinkampanini, abathatha izinqumo ngabaphathi benkampani, futhi abaphathi bangabantu. Lapho bezwa ukuhlakanipha, amehlo abo akhanya. Badinga kuphela ukubala izindleko nezinzuzo, futhi bazoqala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubheka izixazululo zoguquko ezihlakaniphile. Ikakhulukazi kule minyaka emibili, imvelo ayilungile, ayikwazi ukuvula umthombo, inganciphisa kuphela izindleko. Futhi yilokho i-inthanethi Yezinto enhle kukho.
Ngokusho kwedatha ethile eqoqwe ngumlobi, ukwakhiwa kwemboni ehlakaniphile kunganciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi be-workshop yendabuko ngo-90%, kodwa futhi kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki okulethwa iphutha lomuntu. Ngakho-ke, umphathi onemali eyisipele esandleni, useqalile ukuzama ukuguqulwa kobuhlakani obushibhile kancane kancane, ezama ukusebenzisa indlela ye-semi-automatic kanye ne-semi-artificial, ephindaphinda kancane. Namuhla, sizosebenzisa amathegi e-elekthronikhi kanye ne-RFID yeyadi nezimpahla. Kusasa, sizothenga izimoto ze-AGV ezimbalwa ukuxazulula inkinga yokusingatha. Njengoba i-automation ikhula, imakethe ye-B-end iyavuleka.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamafu kuletha amathuba amasha ku-inthanethi Yezinto.
U-Ali Cloud, owokuqala ukungena emakethe yamafu, manje usenikeze ifu ledatha kumabhizinisi amaningi. Ngaphezu kwesiphakeli sefu esiyinhloko, i-Ali cloud ithuthukiswe phezulu nomfula. Uphawu lwegama lesizinda, ukuhlaziya ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukuphepha kwamafu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nohlelo lokuguqula oluhlakaniphile, lungatholakala kuzixazululo ezivuthiwe ze-Ali Cloud. Kungashiwo ukuthi iminyaka yokuqala yokulima, kancane kancane isiqalile ukuba nesivuno, futhi inzuzo yonyaka edalulwe embikweni wayo wezezimali ihle, iwumvuzo ongcono kakhulu wokutshalwa kwayo.
Umkhiqizo oyinhloko we-Tencent Cloud ungowokuhlalisana kwabantu. Ithatha inani elikhulu lezinsiza zekhasimende le-B-terminal ngezinhlelo ezincane, inkokhelo ye-wechat, i-wechat yebhizinisi nezinye i-peripheral ecology. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ihlala ijula futhi ihlanganisa isikhundla sayo esiphezulu emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle.
I-Huawei Cloud, njenge-latecomer, ingase ibe yisinyathelo ngemuva kwezinye iziqhwaga. Lapho ingena emakethe, ama-giants asevele egcwele, ngakho-ke i-Huawei Cloud ekuqaleni kwesabelo semakethe, iyadabukisa. Kodwa-ke, ingatholwa ekuthuthukisweni eminyakeni yamuva nje, ifu leHuawei lisenkundleni yokukhiqiza ukulwa nesabelo semakethe. Isizathu siwukuthi i-Huawei yinkampani ekhiqizayo futhi izwela kakhulu ubunzima embonini yokukhiqiza izimboni, okwenza i-Huawei Cloud ikwazi ukuxazulula ngokushesha izinkinga zebhizinisi nezindawo zobuhlungu. Yileli khono elenza iHuawei Cloud ibe ngelinye lamafu amahlanu aphezulu emhlabeni.
Ngokukhula kwe-cloud computing, ama-giants aqaphele ukubaluleka kwedatha. Ifu, njengomthwali wedatha, seliphenduke into yombango ezimbonini ezinkulu.
Ku-B: Iphi imakethe?
Ingabe likhona ikusasa lesiphetho B? Lokho kungase kube umbuzo osezingqondweni zabafundi abaningi abafunda lokhu. Kulokhu, ngokusho kocwaningo kanye nokulinganisa kwezikhungo ezihlukahlukene, izinga lokungena kwe-B-terminal Internet yezinto lisephansi kakhulu, cishe ebangeni le-10% -30%, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe kusenendawo enkulu yokungena.
Nginamathiphu ambalwa okungena emakethe ye-B-end. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha inkambu efanele. Amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele umbuthano wamandla lapho ibhizinisi lawo lamanje likhona, aqhubeke ecwenga ibhizinisi lawo eliyinhloko, anikeze izixazululo ezincane kodwa ezinhle, futhi axazulule izidingo zamanye amakhasimende. Ngokuqoqwa kwezinhlelo, ibhizinisi lingaba umsele walo omuhle kakhulu ngemva kokuvuthwa. Okwesibili, ebhizinisini le-B-end, ithalente libaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi balethe imiphumela bazoletha amathuba amaningi enkampanini. Okokugcina, iningi lebhizinisi elisohlangothini lwe-B aliyona inkontileka eyodwa. Izinsizakalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kunganikezwa ngemva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi, okusho ukuthi kunenzuzo eqhubekayo ezombiwa.
Isiphetho
Imakethe ye-inthanethi Yezinto isineminyaka engama-30 ithuthuka. Eminyakeni yokuqala, i-Intanethi Yezinto yayisetshenziswa kuphela ekugcineni kwe-B. I-NB-IOT, imitha yamanzi ye-LoRa kanye nekhadi elihlakaniphile le-RFID kunikeze insizakalo enkulu yomsebenzi wengqalasizinda njengokuphakelwa kwamanzi. Nokho, umoya wezimpahla zabathengi ezihlakaniphile uvunguza ngamandla kakhulu, ukuze I-inthanethi Yezinto idonse ukunaka komphakathi futhi ibe yimpahla ethengwayo efunwa abantu isikhathi esithile. Manje, i-tuyere isihambile, ukuphela kwemakethe kwe-C kwaqala ukukhombisa umkhuba we-malaise, amabhizinisi amakhulu angokwesiprofetho aseqalile ukulungisa umnsalo, ukuze u-B aqhubeke phambili futhi, enethemba lokuthola inzuzo eyengeziwe.
Ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, i-AIoT Star Map Research Institute yenze uphenyo oluningiliziwe nolujulile kanye nokuhlaziya embonini yezimpahla zabathengi ehlakaniphile, futhi yabeka phambili umqondo "wokuphila okuhlakaniphile".
Kungani ukuhlaliswa kwabantu okuhlakaniphile, kunekhaya elihlakaniphile lendabuko? Ngemuva kwenani elikhulu lezingxoxo nophenyo, abahlaziyi bemephu yenkanyezi ye-AIoT bathole ukuthi ngemuva kokubekwa kwemikhiqizo eyodwa ehlakaniphile, umngcele phakathi kwe-C-terminal ne-B-terminal wafiphala kancane kancane, futhi imikhiqizo eminingi yabathengi ehlakaniphile yahlanganiswa futhi yathengiswa ku-B-terminal. , ukwakha isikimu esigxile esimweni. Khona-ke, ngokuhlaliswa kwabantu okuhlakaniphile lesi sigcawu sizochaza imakethe yasekhaya ehlakaniphile yanamuhla, enembe kakhudlwana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2022