Umbhali: Ulink Media
Selokhu i-CSA Connectivity Standards Alliance (eyayikade i-Zigbee Alliance) yakhipha i-Matter 1.0 ngo-Okthoba ngonyaka odlule, abadlali bekhaya abahlakaniphile basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe njenge-Amazon, i-Apple, i-Google, i-LG, i-Samsung, i-OPPO, i-Graffiti Intelligence, i-Xiaodu, njalo njalo baye basheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusekelwa kwephrothokholi ye-Matter, futhi abathengisi bemishini yokugcina nabo baye balandela ngenkuthalo.
NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, i-Matter version 1.1 yakhishwa, okwenza ngcono ukwesekwa kanye nolwazi lokuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi asebenzisa ibhethri. Muva nje, i-CSA Connectivity Standards Consortium ikhiphe kabusha i-Matter version 1.2. Yiziphi izinguquko zakamuva ezindinganisweni ze-Matter ezibuyekeziwe? Yiziphi izinguquko zakamuva ezindinganisweni ze-Matter ezibuyekeziwe? Imakethe yekhaya ehlakaniphile yaseShayina ingazuza kanjani ezindinganisweni ze-Matter?
Ngezansi, ngizohlaziya isimo samanje sentuthuko ye-Matter kanye nomphumela oqhuba imakethe ongalethwa yisibuyekezo se-Matter1.2.
01 Umphumela oshukumisayo we-Matter
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, i-CSA Alliance inamalungu angu-33 asungule, kanti izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-350 sezivele zihlanganyela ngenkuthalo futhi zinikela ohlelweni lwe-Matter standard. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamadivayisi, izindawo zemvelo, amalabhorethri okuhlola, kanye nabathengisi bama-chip ngamunye unikele empumelelweni ye-Matter standard ngezindlela zakhe eziwusizo emakethe nakumakhasimende.
Ngemva konyaka nje ikhishwe njengendinganiso yekhaya elihlakaniphile ekhulunywa kakhulu ngayo, indinganiso ye-Matter isivele ihlanganiswe kuma-chipset amaningi, izinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi, futhi yengezwe kumadivayisi amaningi emakethe. Njengamanje, kunemikhiqizo, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye namapulatifomu esofthiwe e-Matter aqinisekisiwe angaphezu kuka-1,800.
Kumapulatifomu ajwayelekile, i-Matter isivele ihambisana ne-Amazon Alexa, i-Apple HomeKit, i-Google Home kanye ne-Samsung SmartThings.
Ngokuphathelene nemakethe yaseShayina, sekuphele isikhathi eside amadivayisi e-Matter ekhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni ngobuningi ezweni, okwenza iShayina ibe umthombo omkhulu wabakhiqizi bamadivayisi ohlelweni lwe-Matter. Emikhiqizweni nezingxenye zesofthiwe ezingaphezu kuka-1,800 eziqinisekisiwe, amaphesenti angama-60 avela kumalungu aseShayina.
Kuthiwa iShayina inalo lonke uchungechunge lwenani kusukela kubenzi be-chip kuya kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo, njengezindawo zokuhlola kanye ne-Product Attestation Authorities (PAAs). Ukuze kusheshiswe ukufika kwe-Matter emakethe yaseShayina, i-CSA Consortium isungule i-"CSA Consortium China Member Group" (CMGC) ezinikele, enamalungu angaba ngu-40 anentshisekelo emakethe yaseShayina, futhi izinikele ekukhuthazeni ukwamukelwa kwezindinganiso zokuxhumanisa kanye nokwenza kube lula izingxoxo zobuchwepheshe emakethe yaseShayina.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo zemikhiqizo esekelwa yi-Matter, iqoqo lokuqala lezinhlobo zamadivayisi asekelwayo yilezi: ukukhanyisa kanye nogesi (ama-bulb okukhanya, amasokhethi, amaswishi), izilawuli ze-HVAC, amakhethini nama-drape, izingidi zeminyango, amadivayisi okudlala imidiya, ukuphepha nokuphepha kanye nezinzwa (oomagnethi beminyango, ama-alamu), amadivayisi okubopha (amasango), kanye namadivayisi okulawula (omakhalekhukhwini, izikhulumi ezihlakaniphile, namaphaneli aphakathi kanye namanye amadivayisi anohlelo lokusebenza lokulawula oluhlanganisiwe).
Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Matter kuqhubeka, kuzobuyekezwa kanye noma kabili ngonyaka, ngezibuyekezo ezigxile ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: izengezo ezintsha zezici (isb., izinhlobo zamadivayisi), ukulungiswa kwezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono e-SDK kanye nokuhlola.
Ngokuphathelene nethuba lokusetshenziswa kwe-Matter, imakethe iqiniseka kakhulu nge-Matter ngaphansi kwezinzuzo eziningi. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe nethembekile yokufinyelela inethiwekhi ngeke nje yenze ulwazi lwabathengi ngekhaya elihlakaniphile lukhuphuke, kodwa futhi izoshukumisela abathuthukisi bezindlu nezinkampani zokuphatha izakhiwo ukuthi baphinde bahlole ukubaluleka kokufakwa okukhulu kwekhaya elihlakaniphile, okwenza imboni igcwale amandla amakhulu.
Ngokusho kwe-ABI Research, inhlangano yocwaningo yobungcweti, i-Matter protocol iyi-protocol yokuqala emkhakheni wekhaya elihlakaniphile elikhanga kakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-ABI Research, kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030, kuzothunyelwa amadivayisi e-Matter ayizigidigidi ezingu-5.5, kanti ngo-2030, kuzothunyelwa imikhiqizo engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-1.5 eqinisekisiwe yi-Matter minyaka yonke.
Izinga lokungena kwezindlu ezihlakaniphile ezindaweni ezifana ne-Asia Pacific, iYurophu kanye neLatin America lizokhushulwa ngokushesha ngenxa yomfutho onamandla wesivumelwano se-Matter.
Sekukonke, kubonakala sengathi ukuqhuma kwezinkanyezi kukaMatter bekungenakuvinjelwa, okubonisa nesifiso semakethe yezindlu ezihlakaniphile semvelo ehlangene.
02 Indawo yokuthuthukisa isivumelwano esisha
Lokhu kukhishwa kwe-Matter 1.2 kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zamadivayisi amasha ayisishiyagalolunye kanye nokubuyekezwa kanye nokwandiswa kwezigaba zomkhiqizo ezikhona, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ezicacisweni ezikhona, ama-SDK, izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa kanye namathuluzi okuhlola.
Izinhlobo zamadivayisi amasha ayisishiyagalolunye:
1. Amafriji - Ngaphezu kokulawula nokuqapha izinga lokushisa okuyisisekelo, lolu hlobo lwedivayisi lusebenza kwamanye amadivayisi ahlobene njengamafriji ajulile ngisho namafriji ewayini ne-pickle.
2. Ama-air conditioner asekamelweni - Nakuba ama-HVAC nama-thermostat eseyi-Matter 1.0, ama-air conditioner asekamelweni azimele anokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nemodi yefeni manje ayasekelwa.
3. Izitsha Zokuwasha Izitsha - Izici eziyisisekelo njengezaziso zokuqala kude kanye nenqubekela phambili zifakiwe. Ama-alamu omshini wokuwasha izitsha nawo ayasekelwa, amboza amaphutha okusebenza njengokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kanye nepayipi, izinga lokushisa, kanye namaphutha okukhiya iminyango.
4. Umshini Wokuwasha - Izaziso zenqubekela phambili, njengokuqedwa komjikelezo, zingathunyelwa nge-Matter. Ukukhishwa kwe-Matter kuzosekelwa esikhathini esizayo.
5. Umshaneli - Ngaphezu kwezici eziyisisekelo njengezaziso zokuqala kude kanye nenqubekela phambili, izici ezibalulekile njengezindlela zokuhlanza (ukuhlanza nge-vacuum okomile vs. ukumopha okumanzi) kanye neminye imininingwane yesimo (isimo sebhulashi, imibiko yamaphutha, isimo sokushaja) ziyasekelwa.
6. Ama-alamu Entuthu Ne-Carbon Monoxide - Lawa ma-alamu azosekela izaziso kanye nezimpawu zokuxwayisa zomsindo nezokubona. Izexwayiso mayelana nesimo sebhethri kanye nezaziso zokuphela kokuphila nazo ziyasekelwa. Lawa ma-alamu asekela nokuzihlola. Ama-alamu e-Carbon Monoxide asekela ukuzwa ukuhlushwa njengendawo eyengeziwe yedatha.
7. Izinzwa Zekhwalithi Yomoya - Izinzwa ezisekelwayo zibamba futhi zibike: PM1, PM 2.5, PM 10, CO2, NO2, VOC, CO, ozone, radon, kanye ne-formaldehyde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengezwa kwamaqoqo ekhwalithi yomoya kuvumela amadivayisi e-Matter ukuthi anikeze ulwazi lwe-AQI ngokusekelwe endaweni yedivayisi.
8. Isihlanzi Somoya - Isihlanzi sisebenzisa uhlobo lwedivayisi yenzwa yekhwalithi yomoya ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lokuzwa futhi sihlanganisa nezici zezinye izinhlobo zamadivayisi njengefeni (ezidingekayo) nama-thermostat (ongakukhetha). Isihlanzi somoya sihlanganisa nokuqapha izinsiza ezisetshenziswayo okwazisa isimo sesihlungi (i-HEPA kanye nezihlungi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo zisekelwa ku-1.2).
9. Amafeni -Into Ebalulekile 1.2 ifaka ukusekelwa kwabalandeli njengohlobo lwedivayisi oluhlukile, oluqinisekisiwe. Amafeni manje asekela ukunyakaza okufana neRock/Oscillate kanye nezindlela ezintsha ezifana neNatural Breeze kanye neSleep Breeze. Ezinye izithuthukisi zifaka phakathi ikhono lokushintsha indlela yokugeleza komoya (phambili nangemuva) kanye nemiyalo yesinyathelo ukushintsha isivinini sokugeleza komoya.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko:
1. Izikhiye Zeminyango Yesivalo - Ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yaseYurophu kubamba ukucushwa okuvamile kwamayunithi okukhiya isivalo kanye nesivalo esihlanganisiwe.
2. Ukubukeka Kwedivayisi - Incazelo yokubukeka kwedivayisi ingeziwe ukuze amadivayisi achazwe ngokombala wawo kanye nokuqedwa kwawo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nokumelwa okuwusizo kwamadivayisi kuwo wonke amaklayenti.
3. Ukwakheka Kwedivayisi Ne-Endpoint - Amadivayisi manje angakhiwa ngezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-endpoint, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwemodeli okunembile kwezinto zikagesi, izishintshi zamayunithi amaningi kanye nezibani eziningi.
4. Amathegi e-Semantic - Inikeza indlela yokusebenzisana yokuchaza amaqoqo avamile kanye nezindawo zokugcina zendawo kanye ne-semantic functional Matter ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhumusha okuhambisanayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kumakhasimende ahlukene. Isibonelo, amalebula e-semantic angasetshenziswa ukumela indawo kanye nomsebenzi wenkinobho ngayinye kusilawuli kude esinezinkinobho eziningi.
5. Incazelo ejwayelekile yezimo zokusebenza kwedivayisi - Ukuveza izindlela zokusebenza ezahlukene zedivayisi ngendlela ejwayelekile kuzokwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza uhlobo olusha lwedivayisi i-Matters ekukhishweni kwesikhathi esizayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukwesekwa kwayo okuyisisekelo kumakhasimende ahlukene.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwangaphansi Komphetho: I-Matter SDK Namathuluzi Okuhlola
I-Matter 1.2 iletha ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ohlelweni lokuhlola nokuqinisekisa ukusiza izinkampani ukuthi zenze imikhiqizo yazo (ihadiwe, isofthiwe, ama-chipset kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza) imakethwe ngokushesha. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuzozuzisa umphakathi wonjiniyela obanzi kanye nohlelo lwe-Matter.
Ukusekelwa Kweplatifomu Okusha ku-SDK - I-Matter 1.2 SDK isiyatholakala kumapulatifomu amasha, okunikeza onjiniyela izindlela ezengeziwe zokwakha imikhiqizo emisha nge-Matter.
I-Enhanced Matter Test Harness - Amathuluzi okuhlola ayingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwemininingwane kanye nokusebenza kwayo. Amathuluzi okuhlola manje ayatholakala ngomthombo ovulekile, okwenza kube lula ngabathuthukisi be-Matter ukufaka isandla kumathuluzi (ukuwenza abe ngcono) nokuqinisekisa ukuthi basebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva (enazo zonke izici nokulungiswa kwamaphutha).
Njengobuchwepheshe obuqhutshwa yimakethe, izinhlobo ezintsha zamadivayisi, izici kanye nezibuyekezo ezenza kube ukukhishwa kwemininingwane ye-Matter kuwumphumela wokuzibophezela kwezinkampani ezingamalungu ezigabeni eziningi zokudala, ukusebenzisa kanye nokuhlola. Muva nje, amalungu amaningi abuthene ukuze ahlole inguqulo 1.2 ezindaweni ezimbili eShayina naseYurophu ukuqinisekisa izibuyekezo ezichazweni.
03 Umbono ocacile wekusasa
Yiziphi izinto ezinhle
Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya bahlanganyele ekuqalisweni nasekukhushulweni kwe-Matter, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokwamukelwa okusebenzayo kwe-ecosystem yekhaya elihlakaniphile laphesheya kwezilwandle ye-Matter standard, amabhizinisi asekhaya abonakala eqaphile ngokujwayelekile lapho elinde futhi ebona. Ngaphezu kokukhathazeka mayelana nokufika kancane emakethe yasekhaya kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zesitifiketi esijwayelekile, kukhona nokukhathazeka mayelana nobunzima bokwabelana ngenethiwekhi ngaphansi komdlalo wamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezici eziningi ezizuzisa imakethe yaseShayina.
1. Amandla aphelele emakethe yezindlu ezihlakaniphile ayaqhubeka nokukhululwa
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Statista, kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2026, usayizi wemakethe yezindlu ezihlakaniphile zasekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-$45.3 billion. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokungena kwezindlu ezihlakaniphile zaseShayina elingu-13% lisesezingeni eliphansi, kanti izigaba eziningi zezindlu ezihlakaniphile zinezinga lokungena elingaphansi kuka-10%. Abantu abangaphakathi embonini bakholelwa ukuthi ngokwethulwa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke mayelana nokuzijabulisa ekhaya, ukuguga kanye nokonga amandla okune-carbon ephindwe kabili, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlu ezihlakaniphile kanye nokujula kwazo kungathuthukisa kakhulu intuthuko iyonke yemboni yezindlu ezihlakaniphile.
2. I-Matter isiza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi (ama-SME) ukuthi abambe amathuba amasha ebhizinisi "olwandle".
Njengamanje, ikhaya elihlakaniphile lasekhaya ligxile kakhulu emakethe yezindlu, ungqimba oluyisicaba kanye neminye imakethe yangaphambi kokufakwa, kuyilapho abathengi bangaphandle bevame ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthenga imikhiqizo yokucushwa kwe-DIY. Izidingo ezahlukene zezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle nazo zinikeza amathuba ahlukene kubakhiqizi basekhaya ezigabeni ezahlukene zezimboni. Ngokusekelwe eziteshini zobuchwepheshe ze-Matter kanye ne-ecosystem, ingaqaphela ukuxhumana kanye nokusebenzisana kwekhaya elihlakaniphile kuzo zonke izinkundla, amafu kanye nezinqubo, okungasiza amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ukuthola amathuba amasha ebhizinisi esikhathini esifushane, futhi esikhathini esizayo, njengoba i-ecosystem ikhula kancane kancane futhi ikhula, kukholelwa ukuthi izoqhubeka nokudla imakethe yabathengi bezindlu ezihlakaniphile zasekhaya. Ikakhulukazi, ukusungula insizakalo yendawo yonke ehlakaniphile egxile endaweni yokuhlala yabantu kuzoba yinzuzo enkulu.
3. Iziteshi ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi zokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi lomsebenzisi
Njengamanje, imakethe yasekhaya yokulindela kweMatter igxile kakhulu emishinini yokuya phesheya kwezilwandle, kodwa ngokubuya kokusetshenziswa ngemva kobhubhane, inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bezindlu ezihlakaniphile kanye namapulatifomu benza imizamo yokuba umkhuba omkhulu ezitolo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwemvelo yendawo ngaphakathi kwesiteshi sesitolo, ukuba khona kweMatter kuzovumela ulwazi lomsebenzisi ukuthi lukhuphuke kakhulu, imishini yendawo yokuqala ayikwazi ukufeza isimo sokuxhumana sithuthukisiwe kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kushukumisele abathengi ukuthi bafinyelele ezingeni eliphakeme lenhloso yokuthenga ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela.
Sekukonke, inani le-Matter liyizilinganiso eziningi.
Kubasebenzisi, ukufika kwe-Matter kuzokhulisa uhla lwezinketho zabasebenzisi, abangasavinjelwe yi-ecosystem ye-closed-loop yemikhiqizo futhi bafaka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekukhetheni ngokukhululekile ukubukeka komkhiqizo, ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kanye nezinye izilinganiso.
Ngokwemvelo yezimboni, i-Matter isheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yomhlaba wonke yezindlu ezihlakaniphile kanye namabhizinisi, futhi iyisisusa esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa imakethe yonke yezindlu ezihlakaniphile.
Eqinisweni, ukuvela kwe-Matter akuyona nje inzuzo enkulu embonini yasekhaya ehlakaniphile, kodwa futhi kuzoba ngomunye wamandla abalulekile okushayela "inkathi entsha" ye-IoT esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokwenyuka komkhiqizo kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwe-IoT value chain ekulethelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-26-2023