Ngokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi e-4G kanye ne-5G, umsebenzi we-2G kanye ne-3G ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni uthuthuka kancane kancane. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono jikelele wezinqubo ze-2G kanye ne-3G ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi emhlabeni jikelele.
Njengoba amanethiwekhi e-5G eqhubeka nokusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele, i-2G ne-3G ziyaphela. Ukunciphisa i-2G ne-3G kuzoba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-iot kusetshenziswa lobu buchwepheshe. Lapha, sizoxoxa ngezinkinga amabhizinisi okudingeka azinake ngesikhathi senqubo yokungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ye-2G/3G kanye nezinyathelo zokumelana nazo.
Umthelela we-2G kanye ne-3G ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ekuxhumaneni kwe-iot kanye nezinyathelo zokumelana
Njengoba i-4G ne-5G zisetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele, umsebenzi we-2G ne-3G ongaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni uthuthuka kancane kancane. Inqubo yokuvala amanethiwekhi iyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe, kungaba ngokubona kwabalawuli bendawo ukuze bakhulule izinsiza ezibalulekile ze-spectrum, noma ngokubona kwabaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula ukuvala amanethiwekhi lapho izinsizakalo ezikhona zingafaneleki ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Amanethiwekhi e-2G, abelokhu etholakala kwezentengiselwano iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, ahlinzeka ngeplatifomu enhle yokusebenzisa izixazululo ze-iot ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni likazwelonke nelamazwe ngamazwe. Umjikelezo wempilo ende wezixazululo eziningi ze-iot, ngokuvamile ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10, kusho ukuthi kusenenani elikhulu lamadivayisi angasebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-2G kuphela. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izixazululo ze-iot ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza lapho i-2G ne-3G zingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Ukunciphisa i-2G kanye ne-3G sekuqalisiwe noma sekuqediwe kwamanye amazwe, njenge-US kanye ne-Australia. Izinsuku ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kwezinye izindawo, kanti ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu izimisele ukuphela kuka-2025. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amanethiwekhi e-2G kanye ne-3G azogcina ephume emakethe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinkinga engenakugwenywa.
Inqubo yokukhipha i-2G/3G iyahlukahluka kuye ngezindawo, kuye ngezici zemakethe ngayinye. Amazwe nezifunda eziningi zimemezele izinhlelo ze-2G kanye ne-3G ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Inani lamanethiwekhi avalwayo lizoqhubeka nokukhula. Amanethiwekhi e-2G kanye ne-3G angaphezu kwama-55 abikezelwe ukuvalwa phakathi kuka-2021 no-2025, ngokusho kwedatha ye-GSMA Intelligence, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obubili ngeke buqedwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kwezinye izimakethe, i-2G kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, njengoba izinsizakalo ezithile ezifana nezinkokhelo zeselula e-Afrika kanye nezinhlelo zokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo lwezimoto (eCall) kwezinye izimakethe zithembele kumanethiwekhi e-2G. Kulezi zimo, amanethiwekhi e-2G angaqhubeka nokusebenza isikhathi eside.
I-3G izoyeka nini emakethe?
Ukususwa kwamanethiwekhi e-3G sekuhlelwe iminyaka eminingi futhi kuvaliwe emazweni amaningana. Lezi zimakethe zifinyelele kakhulu ekumbozweni kwe-4G emhlabeni wonke futhi ziphambili ekusetshenzisweni kwe-5G, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuvala amanethiwekhi e-3G nokudlulisela ububanzi kubuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo.
Kuze kube manje, amanethiwekhi e-3G amaningi avalwe eYurophu kune-2G, kanti omunye opharetha eDenmark uvale inethiwekhi yakhe ye-3G ngo-2015. Ngokusho kwe-GSMA Intelligence, inani labasebenzi abangu-19 emazweni angu-14 aseYurophu bahlela ukuvala amanethiwekhi abo e-3G ngo-2025, kuyilapho abasebenzi abayisishiyagalombili kuphela emazweni ayisishiyagalombili behlela ukuvala amanethiwekhi abo e-2G ngesikhathi esisodwa. Inani lokuvalwa kwenethiwekhi liyanda njengoba izinkampani zenethiwekhi zembula izinhlelo zazo. Ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi ye-3G eYurophu Ngemva kokuhlela ngokucophelela, iningi labasebenzi limemezele izinsuku zabo zokuvalwa kwe-3G. Umkhuba omusha ovelayo eYurophu ukuthi abanye abahlinzeki bandisa isikhathi sokusebenza esihleliwe se-2G. E-UK, isibonelo, ulwazi lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi usuku lokukhishwa oluhleliwe luka-2025 luhlehlisiwe ngoba uhulumeni usayine isivumelwano nabasebenzi beselula sokugcina amanethiwekhi e-2G esebenza iminyaka embalwa ezayo.
· Amanethiwekhi e-3G aseMelika avaliwe
Ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi ye-3G e-United States kuqhubeka kahle ngokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi e-4G kanye ne-5G, kanti zonke izinkampani ezinkulu zenethiwekhi zihlose ukuqedela ukukhishwa kwe-3G ekupheleni kuka-2022. Eminyakeni edlule, isifunda saseMelika besigxile ekunciphiseni usayizi we-2G njengoba izinkampani zenethiwekhi zikhipha i-5G. Abasebenzi basebenzisa ububanzi obukhulu obukhululiwe ukukhishwa kwe-2G ukuze babhekane nesidingo samanethiwekhi e-4G kanye ne-5G.
· Amanethiwekhi e-2G ase-Asia avale izinqubo
Abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo e-Asia bagcina amanethiwekhi e-3G ngenkathi bevala amanethiwekhi e-2G ukuze bashintshe i-spectrum kumanethiwekhi e-4G, asetshenziswa kakhulu esifundeni. Ekupheleni kuka-2025, i-GSMA Intelligence ilindele ukuthi opharetha abangu-29 bavale amanethiwekhi abo e-2G kanye nabangu-16 bavale amanethiwekhi abo e-3G. Isifunda kuphela e-Asia esivale amanethiwekhi aso e-2G (2017) kanye ne-3G (2018) yiTaiwan.
E-Asia, kunezinye izimo ezihlukile: abaqhubi baqale ukunciphisa i-3G ngaphambi kwe-2G. Isibonelo, eMalaysia, bonke abaqhubi bavale amanethiwekhi abo e-3G ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukahulumeni.
E-Indonesia, ababili kulaba abathathu bavale amanethiwekhi abo e-3G kanti owesithathu uhlela ukwenza kanjalo (okwamanje, akekho kubo abathathu onezinhlelo zokuvala amanethiwekhi abo e-2G).
· I-Afrika iyaqhubeka nokuthembela kumanethiwekhi e-2G
E-Afrika, i-2G iphindwe kabili ngobukhulu kune-3G. Amafoni anezici asasebenza ku-42% wenani eliphelele, futhi izindleko zawo eziphansi zikhuthaza abasebenzisi bokugcina ukuthi baqhubeke nokusebenzisa la madivayisi. Lokhu, nakho, kuholele ekungeneni okuphansi kwama-smartphone, ngakho-ke zimbalwa izinhlelo ezimenyezelwe zokubuyisela emuva i-inthanethi esifundeni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2022