Iyini i-5G LAN?

Umbhali: Ulink Media

Wonke umuntu kufanele ajwayele i-5G, okuwukuvela kwe-4G kanye nobuchwepheshe bethu bakamuva bokuxhumana kweselula.

Ku-LAN, kufanele ujwayelene nayo. Igama layo eliphelele inethiwekhi yendawo yendawo, noma i-LAN. Inethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya, kanye nenethiwekhi ehhovisi lebhizinisi, ngokuyisisekelo i-LAN. Nge-Wi-Fi engenantambo, iyi-LAN engenantambo (WLAN).

Manje kungani ngithi i-5G LAN iyathandeka?

I-5G inethiwekhi yeselula ebanzi, kuyilapho i-LAN iyinethiwekhi yedatha yendawo encane. Lobu buchwepheshe bubili bubonakala bungahlobene.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-5G ne-LAN amagama amabili wonke umuntu awazi ngokwehlukana. Kodwa ngokubambisana, kuyadida kancane. Akunjalo?

I-5G LAN, Iyini Ngempela?

Eqinisweni, i-5G LAN, ukuyibeka kalula, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-5G "ukuhlanganisa" futhi "ukwakha" amatheminali ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ye-LAN.

Wonke umuntu unefoni ye-5G. Uma usebenzisa amafoni e-5G, ingabe ubonile ukuthi ifoni yakho ayikwazi ukusesha abangani bakho ngisho noma beseduze (ngisho ubuso nobuso)? Ningakwazi ukuxhumana nodwa ngoba idatha igeleza yonke indawo iye eziphakelini zenkampani yakho yenethiwekhi noma umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi.

Eziteshini eziyisisekelo, wonke amatheminali eselula “ahlukene” ukusuka kwelinye. Lokhu kusekelwe ekucatshangelweni kwezokuphepha, amafoni asebenzisa iziteshi zawo, awaphambanisani.

I-LAN, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixhuma amatheminali (omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, njll.) endaweni ndawonye ukuze yakhe “iqembu”. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi kusindisa ukuphuma kwe-extranet.

Ku-LAN, amatheminali angatholana ngokuya ngamakheli awo e-MAC futhi atholane (Ukuxhumana Kwesendlalelo sesi-2). Ukuze ufinyelele inethiwekhi yangaphandle, setha irutha, ngendawo ye-IP, futhi ungafinyelela umzila ongena nokuphuma (Ukuxhumana Kwesendlalelo sesi-3).

Njengoba sonke sazi, "i-4G izoshintsha izimpilo zethu, futhi i-5G izoshintsha umphakathi wethu". Njengobuchwephesha bokuxhumana beselula obujwayelekile njengamanje, i-5G iphethe umgomo "we-inthanethi yakho konke kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali kwamakhulu emigqa nezinkulungwane zezimboni", okudinga ukusiza abasebenzisi ezimbonini eziqondile ukuthi baxhumeke.

Ngakho-ke, i-5G ayikwazi ukuxhuma kuphela yonke i-terminal efwini, kodwa futhi ibone "ukuxhumana okuseduze" phakathi kwamatheminali.

Ngakho-ke, ku-3GPP R16 ejwayelekile, i-5G LAN yethule lesi sici esisha.

Izimiso Nezimpawu ze-5G LAN

Kunethiwekhi ye-5G, abalawuli bangashintsha idatha kusizindalwazi somsebenzisi (izakhi zenethiwekhi ye-UDM), basayine inkontileka yesevisi enenombolo ecacisiwe ye-UE, bese beyihlukanisa ibe amaqembu afanayo noma ahlukene enethiwekhi ye-Virtual (VN).

Isizindalwazi somsebenzisi sinikeza inombolo yokugcina imininingwane yeqembu le-VN kanye nezinqubomgomo zokufinyelela ezintweni zenethiwekhi yokuphatha (i-SMF, i-AMF, i-PCF, njll.) yenethiwekhi eyinhloko ye-5G (5GC). I-NE yabaphathi ihlanganisa lolu lwazi kanye nemithetho yenqubomgomo kumaLans ahlukene. Lena i-5G LAN.

I-5G LAN isekela ukuxhumana kwe-Layer 2 (ingxenye yenethiwekhi efanayo, ukufinyelela okuqondile komunye nomunye) kanye nokuxhumana kwe-Layer 3 (kuzo zonke izingxenye zenethiwekhi, ngosizo lomzila). I-5G LAN isekela i-unicast kanye nokusakaza okuningi nokusakaza. Ngamafuphi, imodi yokufinyelela mutual ivumelana nezimo kakhulu, futhi ukuxhumana kulula kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelene nobubanzi, i-5G LAN isekela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-UPF efanayo (ingxenye yenethiwekhi yohlangothi lwemidiya yenethiwekhi eyinhloko ye-5G) kanye nama-UPF ahlukene. Lokhu kufana nokwephula umkhawulo webanga elingokomzimba phakathi kwamatheminali (ngisho iBeijing neShanghai zingaxhumana).

Ikakhulukazi, amanethiwekhi e-5G LAN angaxhuma kumanethiwekhi edatha akhona wabasebenzisi ukuze axhumeke futhi adlale futhi afinyelele ngokufanayo.

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinzuzo ze-5G LAN

I-5G LAN inika amandla ukuhlanganisa nokuxhumana phakathi kwamatheminali e-5G acacisiwe, kusiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-LAN yeselula yamabhizinisi. Abafundi abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi bayabuza, ingabe ukuhamba sekukhona kakade ngobuchwepheshe obukhona be-Wi-Fi? Kungani kunesidingo se-5G LAN?

Ungakhathazeki, asiqhubeke.

Inethiwekhi yendawo enikwe amandla yi-5G LAN ingasiza amabhizinisi, izikole, ohulumeni, nemindeni ukuxhumana kangcono namatheminali esifundeni. Ingasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yamahhovisi, kodwa inani layo elikhulu lilele ekuguqulweni kwendawo yokukhiqiza yepaki kanye nokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi eyisisekelo yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza afana nokukhiqiza izimboni, amatheminali kanye nezimayini zamandla.

Manje sithuthukisa i-inthanethi yezimboni. Sikholelwa ukuthi i-5G ingakwazi ukwenza idijithali yezigcawu zezimboni ngoba i-5G iwubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obuhle kakhulu obunomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kanye nokulibaziseka okuphansi, okungabona ukuxhumana okungenantambo kwezici ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ezigcawini zezimboni.

Thatha ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, isibonelo. Ngaphambilini, ukuze kube ngcono okuzenzakalelayo, ukufeza ukulawulwa kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be "industrial bus". Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalobu buchwepheshe, ezingachazwa ngokuthi “kuyo yonke indawo”.

Kamuva, ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet ne-IP, imboni yenza ukuvumelana, kanye nokuvela kwe-Ethernet, kukhona "i-industrial Ethernet". Namuhla, noma ngabe iphrothokholi yokuxhumana yezimboni ingubani, ngokuyisisekelo isekelwe ku-Ethernet.

Kamuva, izinkampani zezimboni zathola ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwezintambo kukhawulela ukuhamba kakhulu - kwakuhlale kukhona "umluko" ngemuva kwedivayisi ovimbela ukunyakaza okukhululekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodi yokuthunyelwa koxhumano olunezintambo inzima kakhulu, isikhathi sokwakha side, izindleko ziphezulu. Uma kunenkinga ngesisetshenziswa noma ikhebuli, ukushintshwa nakho kuhamba kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imboni yaqala ukucabanga ngokwethula ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenawaya.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth nobunye ubuchwepheshe bungene emkhakheni wezimboni.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze ubuyele embuzweni odlule, kungani i-5G LAN uma kune-Wi-Fi?

Nasi isizathu:

1. Ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi (ikakhulukazi i-Wi-Fi 4 ne-Wi-Fi 5) akulungile njenge-5G.

Ngokwezinga lokudlulisela nokubambezeleka, i-5G ingahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zamarobhothi ezimboni (ukulawula ama-manipulator), ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ehlakaniphile (ukuqashelwa kwesithombe esinesivinini esikhulu), i-AGV (imoto yezinto ezingenamuntu) nezinye izimo.

Mayelana nokukhava, i-5G inendawo enkulu ehlanganisa i-Wi-Fi futhi ingamboza kangcono ikhampasi. Amandla e-5G okushintsha phakathi kwamaseli nawo anamandla kune-Wi-Fi, okuzolethela abasebenzisi umuzwa ongcono wenethiwekhi.

2. Izindleko zokulungisa inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ziphezulu.

Ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi epaki, amabhizinisi adinga ukufaka izintambo futhi azithengele awawo amathuluzi. Imishini iyancipha, yonakalisiwe futhi ishintshiwe, kodwa futhi inakekelwa abasebenzi abakhethekile. Kukhona amathani amadivayisi we-Wi-Fi, futhi ukumisa kuwukuhlupheka.

I-5G ihlukile. Yakhelwe futhi inakekelwa opharetha futhi iqashwe amabhizinisi (i-Wi-Fi iqhathaniswa ne-5G ifana nokwakha igumbi lakho uma usebenzisa i-cloud computing).

Ihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​i-5G izobiza kakhulu.

3. I-5G LAN inemisebenzi enamandla kakhulu.

Iqembu le-VN le-5G LAN kushiwo ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kokuxhumana, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlanganisa ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwe-QoS (izinga lesevisi) yamanethiwekhi ahlukene.

Isibonelo, ibhizinisi linenethiwekhi yehhovisi, inethiwekhi yesistimu ye-IT, nenethiwekhi ye-OT.

I-OT imele Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenza. Kuyinethiwekhi exhuma indawo yezimboni nezinto zokusebenza, ezifana nezinsimbi, izingalo zamarobhothi, izinzwa, izinsimbi, ama-AGV, amasistimu okuqapha, i-MES, i-PLCS, njll.

Amanethiwekhi ahlukene anezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza. Ezinye zidinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi, ezinye zidinga umkhawulokudonsa ophezulu, kanti ezinye zinezidingo ezincane.

I-5G LAN ingachaza ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuhlukile ngokusekelwe kumaqembu e-VN ahlukene. Amanye amabhizinisi, abizwa nge- “micro slice”.

4. I-5G LAN kulula ukuyiphatha futhi ivikeleke kakhulu.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, idatha yokusayina yomsebenzisi ingashintshwa ku-5G UDM nes yabathwali ukuze iqoqe abasebenzisi ngamaqembu e-VN. Ngakho-ke, ingabe kufanele siye kusevisi yamakhasimende yenkampani yenethiwekhi ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sidinga ukushintsha imininingwane yeqembu letheminali (joyina, susa, shintsha)?

Vele akunjalo.

Kumanethiwekhi e-5G, opharetha bangavula imvume yokuguqulwa kubaphathi benethiwekhi yebhizinisi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokusebenzelana, okuvumela ukuguqulwa kokuzisebenzela.

Kunjalo, amabhizinisi angakwazi futhi ukusetha izinqubomgomo zawo zenethiwekhi eziyimfihlo ngokwezidingo zawo.

Lapho kusungulwa uxhumano lwedatha, amabhizinisi angasetha ukugunyazwa kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuze aphathe ngokuqinile amaqembu e-VN. Lokhu kuvikeleka kunamandla kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu kune-Wi-Fi.

Isifundo esiyisibonelo se-5G LAN

Ake sibheke izinzuzo ze-5G LAN ngesibonelo esithile sokuxhumana.

Okokuqala, ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza, linendawo yalo yokusebenzela, umugqa wokukhiqiza (noma i-lathe), udinga ukuxhuma ukuphela kokulawula kwe-PLC ne-PLC ngenethiwekhi.

Umugqa ngamunye womhlangano unemishini eminingi, futhi uzimele. Kuhle ukufaka amamojula e-5G kuwo wonke amadivaysi emugqeni womhlangano. Nokho, kubukeka sengathi izobiza kancane kulesi sigaba.

Khona-ke, ukwethulwa kwesango lezimboni ze-5G, noma i-5G CPE, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezindleko. Ifanele intambo, exhunywe embobeni enezintambo (imbobo ye-Ethernet, noma imbobo ye-PLC). Ifanele okungenantambo, ixhumeke ku-5G noma i-Wi-Fi.

Uma i-5G ingasekeli i-5G LAN (ngaphambi kwe-R16), kungenzeka futhi uqaphele ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PLC nesilawuli se-PLC. Kodwa-ke, yonke inethiwekhi ye-5G iyiphrothokholi ye-Layer 3 encike ekhelini le-IP, futhi ikheli le-terminal liphinde libe ikheli le-IP, elingasekeli ukudluliselwa kwedatha ye-Layer 2. Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana kwasemaphethelweni, i-AR (Irutha yokufinyelela) kufanele yengezwe nhlangothi zombili ukuze kusungulwe umhubhe, ihlanganise iphrothokholi ye-Industrial Layer 2 emhubheni, futhi iyifikise ekugcineni kontanga.

Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokukhuphula inkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi inyusa izindleko (izindleko zokuthenga umzila we-AR, amandla okucushwa kwe-AR router kanye nezindleko zesikhathi). Uma ucabanga ngendawo yokusebenzela enezinkulungwane zemigqa, izindleko zingamangaza.

Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-5G LAN, inethiwekhi ye-5G isekela ukudluliswa okuqondile kwephrothokholi ye-Layer 2, ngakho-ke amarutha e-AR awasadingeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inethiwekhi ye-5G inganikeza imizila yamatheminali ngaphandle kwamakheli e-IP, futhi i-UPF ingakwazi ukubona amakheli e-MAC wamatheminali. Yonke inethiwekhi iba inethiwekhi yongqimba olulodwa emincane, ekwazi ukuxhumana komunye nomunye kungqimba 2.

Ipulaki nekhono lokudlala le-5G LAN lingazihlanganisa ngokuphelele namanethiwekhi akhona amakhasimende, linciphise umthelela kumanethiwekhi akhona amakhasimende, futhi longe izindleko eziningi ngaphandle kokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa kanzima.

Ngokombono omkhulu, i-5G LAN iwukubambisana phakathi kwe-5G nobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-TSN (inethiwekhi ebucayi yesikhathi) esekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nosizo lwe-5G LAN.

Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokusiza ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yepaki, ingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo kunethiwekhi yomugqa ozinikele wendabuko wamabhizinisi ukuxhuma amagatsha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Imojula ye-5G LAN

Njengoba ubona, i-5G LAN iwubuchwepheshe obusha obubalulekile be-5G ezimbonini eziqondile. Ingakha ukuxhumana okuqinile kwenethiwekhi yangasese ye-5G ukusiza amakhasimende asheshise ukuguqulwa kwawo kwedijithali nokuthuthukisa.

Ukuze usebenzise kangcono i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kohlangothi lwenethiwekhi, ukusekelwa kwemojula ye-5G kuyadingeka.

Enqubweni yokufika kwezohwebo kobuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, i-Unigroup Zhangrui yethule inkundla yokuqala ye-5G R16 Ready baseband chip platform yokuqala embonini — V516.

Ngokusekelwe kule nkundla, i-Quectel, umkhiqizi wamamojula ohamba phambili e-China, ithuthukise ngempumelelo inqwaba yamamojula e-5G asekela ubuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, futhi iye yathengiswa, okuhlanganisa i-RG500U, RG200U, RM500U namanye amamojula wephakheji we-LGA, M.2, Mini PCIe. .