Iyini i-5G LAN?

Umbhali: Ulink Media

Wonke umuntu kufanele ajwayelene ne-5G, okuyintuthuko ye-4G kanye nobuchwepheshe bethu bamuva bokuxhumana ngeselula.

Ku-LAN, kufanele ujwayelene nayo kakhudlwana. Igama layo eliphelele yinethiwekhi yendawo, noma i-LAN. Inethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya, kanye nenethiwekhi ehhovisi lenkampani, ngokuyisisekelo yi-LAN. Nge-Wireless Wi-Fi, iyi-Wireless LAN (WLAN).

Pho kungani ngithi i-5G LAN iyathakazelisa?

I-5G iyinethiwekhi yeselula ebanzi, kuyilapho i-LAN iyinethiwekhi yedatha yendawo encane. Lezi zobuchwepheshe ezimbili zibonakala zingahlobene.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-5G ne-LAN amagama amabili wonke umuntu awazi ngokwehlukana. Kodwa uma ehlangene, kuyadida kancane. Akunjalo?

I-5G LAN, Iyini Ngempela?

Eqinisweni, i-5G LAN, uma sikubeka kalula, iwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-5G “ukuqoqa” kanye “nokwakha” amatheminali ukuze kwakheke inethiwekhi ye-LAN.

Wonke umuntu unefoni ye-5G. Uma usebenzisa amafoni e-5G, uke waphawula ukuthi ifoni yakho ayikwazi ukusesha abangani bakho ngisho noma beseduze (ngisho noma ubuso nobuso)? Ningaxhumana ngoba idatha igeleza yonke indawo iye kumaseva enkampani yakho yenethiwekhi noma umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi.

Eziteshini eziyisisekelo, zonke iziteshi eziphathwayo “zihlukanisiwe” komunye nomunye. Lokhu kusekelwe ezintweni zokuphepha, amafoni asebenzisa iziteshi zawo, awaphazamisi omunye nomunye.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-LAN ixhumanisa ama-terminal (omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, njll.) endaweni ndawonye ukuze kwakheke “iqembu”. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi komunye nomunye, kodwa futhi kusindisa ukuphuma kwe-extranet.

Ku-LAN, ama-terminal angatholana ngokusekelwe kumakheli awo e-MAC futhi atholane (ukuxhumana kwe-Layer 2). Ukuze ufinyelele inethiwekhi yangaphandle, ukusetha i-router, ngendawo ye-IP, kungaphinde kufeze ukuhanjiswa kokungena nokuphuma (ukuxhumana kwe-Layer 3).

Njengoba sonke sazi, “i-4G izoshintsha izimpilo zethu, kanti i-5G izoshintsha umphakathi wethu”. Njengobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana beselula obuhamba phambili kakhulu njengamanje, i-5G igcwalisa umgomo “we-inthanethi yazo zonke izinto kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali kwamakhulu emigqa nezinkulungwane zezimboni”, okudingeka kusize abasebenzisi ezimbonini eziqondile ukuthi baxhumane.

Ngakho-ke, i-5G ayikwazi ukuxhumanisa yonke i-terminal efwini kuphela, kodwa futhi ikwazi "ukuxhumana okuseduze" phakathi kwe-terminals.

Ngakho-ke, ku-3GPP R16 standard, i-5G LAN yethule lesi sici esisha.

Izimiso kanye nezici ze-5G LAN

Kunethiwekhi ye-5G, abaphathi bangashintsha idatha kusizindalwazi somsebenzisi (izinto zenethiwekhi ye-UDM), basayine inkontileka yesevisi enenombolo ye-UE ecacisiwe, bese beyihlukanisa ibe amaqembu enethiwekhi ye-Virtual (VN) afanayo noma ahlukene.

Isizindalwazi somsebenzisi sinikeza ulwazi lweqembu le-VN lenombolo yokugcina kanye nezinqubomgomo zokufinyelela ezintweni zenethiwekhi yokuphatha (i-SMF, i-AMF, i-PCF, njll.) zenethiwekhi eyinhloko ye-5G (5GC). I-NE yokuphatha ihlanganisa lolu lwazi kanye nemithetho yenqubomgomo ibe yi-Lans ehlukene. Lena yi-5G LAN.

I-5G LAN isekela ukuxhumana kwe-Layer 2 (ingxenye efanayo yenethiwekhi, ukufinyelela okuqondile komunye nomunye) kanye nokuxhumana kwe-Layer 3 (kuzo zonke izingxenye zenethiwekhi, ngosizo lomzila). I-5G LAN isekela i-unicast kanye ne-multicast kanye nokusakaza. Ngamafuphi, imodi yokufinyelelana iyaguquguquka kakhulu, futhi ukuxhumana kulula kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelene nobubanzi, i-5G LAN isekela ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-UPF efanayo (isici senethiwekhi eseceleni kwemidiya senethiwekhi eyinhloko ye-5G) kanye nama-UPF ahlukene. Lokhu kufana nokwephula umkhawulo webanga elibonakalayo phakathi kwama-terminal (ngisho neBeijing neShanghai zingaxhumana).

Ikakhulukazi, amanethiwekhi e-5G LAN angaxhuma kumanethiwekhi edatha akhona abasebenzisi ukuze baxhume futhi badlale futhi bafinyeleleke ndawonye.

Izimo Zokusebenza Nezinzuzo ze-5G LAN

I-5G LAN ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwama-terminal e-5G acacisiwe, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-LAN yeselula yamabhizinisi. Abafundi abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi bayabuza, ingabe ukuhamba akusenakwenzeka kakade ngobuchwepheshe be-Wi-Fi obukhona? Kungani kudingeka i-5G LAN?

Ungakhathazeki, ake siqhubeke.

Ukuxhumana kwendawo okuqhutshwa yi-5G LAN kungasiza amabhizinisi, izikole, ohulumeni kanye nemindeni ukuthi baxhumane kangcono nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla esifundeni. Kungasetshenziswa kunethiwekhi yehhovisi, kodwa inani layo elikhulu lisekuguqulweni kwendawo yokukhiqiza yepaki kanye nokuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi eyisisekelo yamabhizinisi okukhiqiza njengokukhiqiza kwezimboni, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla kanye nezimayini zamandla.

Manje sikhuthaza i-inthanethi yezimboni. Sikholelwa ukuthi i-5G ingenza kube lula ukwenza izigcawu zezimboni zibe zedijithali ngoba i-5G iwubuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu bokuxhumana obungenantambo obunomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi, okungafeza uxhumano olungenantambo lwezinto ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ezigcawini zezimboni.

Thatha ukukhiqiza kwezimboni, isibonelo. Ngaphambilini, ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukuzenzekela, ukuze kufezwe ukulawulwa kwemishini, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe "bamabhasi ezimboni". Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalobu buchwepheshe, ezingachazwa ngokuthi "kuyo yonke indawo".

Kamuva, ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe be-Ethernet kanye ne-IP, imboni yakha isivumelwano, kanye nokuvela kwe-Ethernet, kukhona "i-Ethernet yezimboni". Namuhla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphrothokholi yokuxhumana kwezimboni ingubani, ngokuyisisekelo isekelwe ku-Ethernet.

Kamuva, izinkampani zezimboni zithole ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwezintambo kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhambahamba — kwakuhlale kukhona “i-braid” ngemuva kwedivayisi eyayivimbela ukunyakaza ngokukhululeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imodi yokufakwa koxhumano olunezintambo iyinkinga kakhulu, isikhathi sokwakha side, izindleko ziphezulu. Uma kunenkinga ngemishini noma ngekhebula, ukushintshwa nakho kuhamba kancane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imboni yaqala ukucabanga ngokwethula ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe sezingene emkhakheni wezimboni.

Ngakho-ke, ukubuyela embuzweni odlule, kungani kufanele usebenzise i-5G LAN uma kukhona i-Wi-Fi?

Nasi isizathu:

1. Ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi (ikakhulukazi i-Wi-Fi 4 ne-Wi-Fi 5) akukuhle njenge-5G.

Ngokuphathelene nesilinganiso sokudlulisa kanye nokubambezeleka, i-5G ingahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zamarobhothi ezimboni (ukulawula okulawulayo), ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuhlakaniphile (ukuqashelwa kwesithombe ngesivinini esikhulu), i-AGV (imoto yokuthutha engenamuntu) kanye nezinye izimo.

Ngokuphathelene nokumbozwa, i-5G inendawo enkulu yokumbozwa kune-Wi-Fi futhi ingamboza kangcono ikhampasi. Ikhono le-5G lokushintsha phakathi kwamaseli nalo linamandla kune-Wi-Fi, okuzolethela abasebenzisi ulwazi olungcono lwenethiwekhi.

2. Izindleko zokulungisa inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ziphezulu.

Ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi epaki, amabhizinisi kudingeka axhumanise izintambo futhi azithengele imishini yawo. Imishini iyancishiswa, yonakale futhi ithathelwe indawo, kodwa futhi inakekelwa ngabasebenzi abakhethekile. Kunenqwaba yamadivayisi e-Wi-Fi, futhi ukucushwa kuyinkinga.

I-5G ihlukile. Yakhiwe futhi inakekelwa ngabaqhubi futhi iqashwe ngamabhizinisi (i-Wi-Fi uma iqhathaniswa ne-5G ifana nokwakha igumbi lakho uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cloud computing).

Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-5G izosebenza kahle kakhulu.

3. I-5G LAN inemisebenzi enamandla kakhulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-VN kwe-5G LAN kukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kokuxhumana, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokuhlukaniswa kwe-QoS (izinga lesevisi) lamanethiwekhi ahlukene.

Isibonelo, ibhizinisi linenethiwekhi yehhovisi, inethiwekhi yesistimu ye-IT, kanye nenethiwekhi ye-OT.

I-OT imele i-Operational Technology. Inethiwekhi exhumanisa indawo yezimboni kanye nemishini, njenge-lathes, izingalo zamarobhothi, izinzwa, izinsimbi, ama-AGV, izinhlelo zokuqapha, i-MES, i-PLCS, njll.

Amanethiwekhi ahlukene anezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Amanye adinga ukubambezeleka okuphansi, amanye adinga i-bandwidth ephezulu, kanti amanye anezidingo ezimbalwa.

I-5G LAN ingachaza ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuhlukile ngokusekelwe kumaqembu e-VN ahlukene. Kwamanye amabhizinisi, ibizwa ngokuthi “i-micro slice”.

4. I-5G LAN kulula ukuyiphatha futhi iphephile kakhudlwana.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, idatha yokusayina yomsebenzisi ingashintshwa kuma-5G UDM amanethiwekhi ezinkampani ukuze aqoqe abasebenzisi babe amaqembu e-VN. Ngakho-ke, ingabe kufanele siye kusevisi yamakhasimende yenkampani njalo lapho sidinga ukushintsha ulwazi lweqembu le-terminal (ukujoyina, ukususa, ukushintsha)?

Vele akunjalo.

Kumanethiwekhi e-5G, opharetha bangavula imvume yokuguqulwa kubaphathi benethiwekhi yebhizinisi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezixhumi, okuvumela ukuguqulwa kokuzisiza.

Vele, amabhizinisi angazibekela nezinqubomgomo zawo zenethiwekhi yangasese ngokwezidingo zawo.

Lapho kusungulwa ukuxhumana kwedatha, amabhizinisi angasetha izindlela zokugunyaza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphatha amaqembu e-VN ngokuqinile. Lokhu kuvikeleka kunamandla kakhulu futhi kulula kakhulu kune-Wi-Fi.

Ucwaningo lwe-5G LAN

Ake sibheke izinzuzo ze-5G LAN ngesibonelo esithile sokuxhumana.

Okokuqala, ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza, line-workshop yalo, umugqa wokukhiqiza (noma i-lathe), lidinga ukuxhuma i-PLC kanye nokuphela kokulawula kwe-PLC ngenethiwekhi.

Umugqa ngamunye wokuhlanganisa unemishini eminingi, nayo ezimele. Kuhle ukufaka amamojula e-5G kuwo wonke amadivayisi emgqeni wokuhlanganisa. Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi kuzobiza kancane kulesi sigaba.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukwethulwa kwesango lezimboni le-5G, noma i-5G CPE, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwezindleko. Kufanelekela izintambo, ixhunywe ku-port enezintambo (i-Ethernet port, noma i-PLC port). Kufanelekela izintambo, ixhunywe ku-5G noma i-Wi-Fi.

Uma i-5G ingasekeli i-5G LAN (ngaphambi kwe-R16), kungenzeka futhi ukubona ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-PLC kanye nesilawuli se-PLC. Kodwa-ke, yonke inethiwekhi ye-5G iyiphrothokholi ye-Layer 3 encike ekhelini le-IP, kanti ikheli le-terminal nalo liyikheli le-IP, elingasekeli ukudluliselwa kwedatha ye-Layer 2. Ukuze kufezwe ukuxhumana kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, i-AR (Access Router) kumele ifakwe kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ukuze kusungulwe umhubhe, kufakwe iphrothokholi ye-Layer 2 yezimboni emhubheni, bese iwuletha ekugcineni kontanga.

Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokwandisa ubunzima, kodwa futhi ikhulisa izindleko (izindleko zokuthenga i-AR router, abasebenzi bokucushwa kwe-AR router kanye nezindleko zesikhathi). Uma ucabanga nge-workshop enezinkulungwane zemigqa, izindleko zingaba zinkulu.

Ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-5G LAN, inethiwekhi ye-5G isekela ukudluliswa okuqondile kwephrothokholi ye-Layer 2, ngakho-ke ama-router e-AR awasadingeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inethiwekhi ye-5G ingahlinzeka ngemizila yama-terminals angenawo amakheli e-IP, futhi i-UPF ingawabona amakheli e-MAC ama-terminals. Inethiwekhi yonke iba inethiwekhi encane enesendlalelo esisodwa, engaxhumana yodwa ku-layer 2.

Amandla okuxhuma nokudlala e-5G LAN angazihlanganisa ngokuphelele namanethiwekhi amakhasimende akhona, anciphise umthelela kumanethiwekhi amakhasimende akhona, futhi onge izindleko eziningi ngaphandle kokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa okunzima.

Ngokombono we-macro, i-5G LAN iwukubambisana phakathi kobuchwepheshe be-5G kanye ne-Ethernet. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-TSN (inethiwekhi ezwela isikhathi) ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Ethernet akukwazi ukuhlukaniswa nosizo lwe-5G LAN.

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokuba wusizo ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yepaki, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesengezo kunethiwekhi yendabuko yomugqa ezinikele yamabhizinisi ukuxhuma amagatsha ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Imojula ye-5G LAN

Njengoba ubona, i-5G LAN iwubuchwepheshe obusha obubalulekile be-5G ezimbonini eziqondile. Ingakha ukuxhumana okuqinile kwenethiwekhi yangasese ye-5G ukusiza amakhasimende ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwawo kwedijithali kanye nokuthuthukiswa.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi, ukusekelwa kwemojula ye-5G kuyadingeka.

Ngesikhathi sokufika kwezobuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, i-Unigroup Zhangrui yethule ipulatifomu yokuqala ye-5G R16 Ready baseband chip embonini — V516.

Ngokusekelwe kule nkundla, iQuectel, umkhiqizi wemodyuli ohamba phambili eShayina, ithuthukise ngempumelelo amamojula amaningi e-5G asekela ubuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, futhi iye yathengiswa, okuhlanganisa i-RG500U, RG200U, RM500U kanye namanye amamojula ephakheji e-LGA, M.2, Mini PCIe.