Njengoba imakethe ye-IoT ishisa, abathengisi be-software kanye nezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha abavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila sebeqalile ukungena, futhi ngemva kokucaciswa kwemvelo ehlukene yemakethe, imikhiqizo nezisombululo ezime mpo ezimeni zohlelo lokusebenza seziye zanda. Futhi, ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo/izixazululo ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi abafanelekile bangathola ukulawula kanye nemali engenayo eyengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzela ucwaningo sebuphenduke inkambiso enkulu, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungewona amaselula, kanye emakethe kukhona eziyikhulu zesimo esichumayo.
Mayelana nokuxhumana okungenantambo okuncane, kukhona iBluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Z-Wave, Thread nobunye ubuchwepheshe; ngokwenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi (LPWAN), kukhona neSigfox, LoRa, ZETA, WIoTa, Turmass nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele.
Okulandelayo, leli phepha lifingqa kafushane isimo sokuthuthukiswa kobunye bobuchwepheshe obungenhla, futhi lihlaziya ubuchwepheshe obunye ngezici ezintathu: ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha, ukuhlelwa kwemakethe, kanye nezinguquko zochungechunge lwemboni ukuze kuxoxwe ngesimo samanje kanye nemikhuba yesikhathi esizayo yemakethe yezokuxhumana ye-IoT.
Ukuxhumana okungenantambo okuncane: Ukunwetshwa kwesigcawu, ukuxhumana kobuchwepheshe
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe obuncane bezokuxhumana obungenawaya buyaphindaphinda, futhi izinguquko emsebenzini, ukusebenza kanye nezimo zokujwayela zobuchwepheshe obunye zinesambulo esiqondisweni semakethe. Njengamanje, kukhona okwenzeka ku-To C ubuchwepheshe ukuya ku-B ekuhloleni indawo, futhi ekuxhumaneni nobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kokufika kwe-Matter protocol, ukuxhumana kobuchwepheshe obuphambene nakho kunenye inqubekelaphambili.
I-Bluetooth
· I-Bluetooth 5.4 Ikhishiwe - Khulisa Isicelo Selebula Yentengo Ye-Electronic
Ngokwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, i-ESL (Ilebula Lentengo Kagesi) isebenzisa isikimu samakheli edivayisi (kanambambili) esihlanganisa i-ID ye-ESL enezinhlamvu ezingu-8 kanye ne-ID yeqembu enezinhlamvu ezingu-7. Futhi i-ESL ID ihlukile phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yedivayisi ye-ESL ingaqukatha amaqembu angafika kwangu-128, ngalinye liqukethe kufika kumadivayisi angu-255 ahlukile e-ESL angamalungu alelo qembu. Ngamagama alula, kuhlelo lokusebenza lwethegi yentengo ye-elekthronikhi, uma inethiwekhi ye-Bluetooth 5.4 isetshenziswa, kungase kube nengqikithi yamadivayisi angu-32,640 ESL kunethiwekhi, ithegi ngayinye ingalawulwa kusukela endaweni eyodwa yokufinyelela.
I-Wi-Fi
· Ukunwetshwa kwesigcawu kuya kukhiye weminyango ehlakaniphile, njll.
Ngokungeziwe ezintweni ezigqokekayo nezipikha ezihlakaniphile, imikhiqizo yasekhaya ehlakaniphile njengezinsimbi zesicabha, ama-thermostat, amawashi e-alamu, abenzi bekhofi namalambu okukhanya manje axhunywe kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okhiye abahlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuthi bafinyelele amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ukuze bathole izinsiza ezengeziwe. I-Wi-Fi 6 yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kuyilapho ikhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi nokwandisa umkhawulokudonsa.
· Ukubekwa kwe-Wi-Fi kunikezwa amandla
Ngokunemba kwendawo ye-Wi-Fi manje efinyelela ku-1-2m kanye namazinga esizukulwane sesithathu nesesine athuthukiswayo ngokusekelwe kumasevisi endawo ye-Wi-Fi, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-LBS buzonika amandla ukuthuthukiswa okumangalisayo kokunemba ukuze kusetshenziswe abathengi abaningi, izimboni, amabhizinisi, njll. U-Dorothy Stanley, umakhi wezindinganiso e-Aruba Networks futhi ongusihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group, uthe ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuthuthukisiwe be-LBS buzokwenza indawo ye-Wi-Fi ihambe phakathi kuka-0.1m. Ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuthuthukisiwe be-LBS buzokwenza ukuthi i-Wi-Fi ibekwe endaweni engaba ngu-0.1m, kusho u-Dorothy Stanley, umakhi wamazinga e-Aruba Networks nosihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
Zigbee
· Ukukhishwa kwe-Zigbee Direct, uxhumano oluqondile lwe-Bluetooth oluhlanganisiwe kumaselula
Kubathengi, i-Zigbee Direct inikeza imodi entsha yokusebenzisana ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-Bluetooth, okuvumela amadivayisi e-Bluetooth ukuthi afinyelele amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ye-Zigbee ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ifu noma ihabhu. Kulesi simo, inethiwekhi eku-Zigbee ingaxhuma ngqo ocingweni ngobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth, okuvumela ifoni ukuthi ilawule amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ye-Zigbee.
· Ukukhishwa kwe-Zigbee PRO 2023 kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwedivayisi
I-Zigbee PRO 2023 inweba ukwakheka kwayo kwezokuphepha ukuze imise ukusebenza kwehabhu-centric "ngokusebenza nawo wonke amahabhu", isici esithuthukisa amanethiwekhi aqinile we-hub-centric ngokusiza amadivayisi ukukhomba indawo yomzali efaneleke kakhulu ukuze ajoyine ngokuphephile futhi ajoyine inethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, ukungezwa kosekelo lwamafrikhwensi e-European (800 Mhz) kanye naseNyakatho Melika (900 MHZ) yegigahertz kunikeza amandla esignali aphezulu kanye nobubanzi ukusekela izimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa.
Ngolwazi olungenhla, akunzima ukuthola iziphetho ezimbili, eyokuqala ukuthi isiqondiso sokuphindaphinda kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana siyashintsha kancane kancane kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza nokuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo emisha yabalingani bochungechunge lwezimboni; okwesibili ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-Protocol ye-Matter ekuxhumaneni "izithiyo", ubuchwepheshe bubuye buxhumane ngezindlela ezimbili kanye nokusebenzisana.
Kunjalo, ukuxhumana okungenantambo okuncane njengenethiwekhi yendawo kuyingxenye yokuxhumana kwe-IoT, futhi ngikholwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-LPWAN obushisayo, budonsa ukunaka okukhulu.
I-LPWAN
· Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kochungechunge lwemboni, indawo enkulu yemakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle
Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala lapho ubuchwepheshe buqala ukuvela ukuze busetshenziswe futhi badume, kuze kube namuhla ekuphishekeleni ukuqanjwa kabusha kwesicelo ukuthatha izimakethe ezengeziwe, isiqondiso sokuphindaphinda kwezobuchwepheshe senza izinguquko ezimangalisayo. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana okungenazintambo, kuningi okwenzekile emakethe ye-LPWAN eminyakeni yamuva nje.
LoRa
· I-Semtech ithola i-Sierra Wireless
USemtech, umsunguli wobuchwepheshe be-LoRa, uzohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-LoRa bokuguquguquka okungenantambo kumamojula weselula we-Sierra Wireless ngokutholwa kwe-Sierra Wireless, inkampani egxile kumamojula okuxhumana ngamaselula, futhi ngokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yalezi zinkampani ezimbili, amakhasimende azokwazi finyelela inkundla yefu ye-IoT ezophatha imisebenzi eminingi kuhlanganise namakhasimende okuphatha idivayisi azokwazi ukufinyelela inkundla yefu ye-IoT ezophatha imisebenzi eminingi ehlanganisa ukuphathwa kwedivayisi, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi nokuphepha.
· 6 million gateways, 300 million end node
Kuyafaneleka ukubalula ukuthi i-LoRa ithuthuka ngezindlela ezihlukene ekhaya naphesheya ngokusekelwe emibhalweni ehlukene ezweni ngalinye, i-China iqhubekela "kunethiwekhi yesifunda" futhi amazwe angaphandle aqhubeka nokwakha ama-WAN amakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi inkundla ye-Helium yangaphandle (i-Helium) ihlinzeka ngokusekela okukhulu kokumbozwa kwesango le-LoRa ngokusekelwe emvuzweni wempahla yedijithali nendlela yokusetshenziswa. Ama-opharetha ayo eNyakatho Melika afaka i-Actility, i-Senet, i-X-TELIA, njll.
Sigfox
· I-Multi-Technology Convergence kanye ne-Synergy
Kusukela inkampani yaseSingapore ye-IoT i-UnaBiz yathola i-Sigfox ngonyaka odlule, eyokuqala isiguqule ukusebenza kwale nkampani, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuhlangana kobuchwepheshe, futhi i-Sigfox manje isihlanganisa obunye ubuchwepheshe be-LPWA kanye nobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana okungenantambo ngezinsizakalo zayo. Muva nje, i-UnaBiz yenze lula ukusebenzisana kwe-Sigfox ne-LoRa.
· I-Shift Yemodeli Yebhizinisi
I-UnaBiz iphinde yasungula isu lebhizinisi le-Sigfox kanye nemodeli yayo yebhizinisi. Esikhathini esidlule, isu le-Sigfox lokunquma ukuthuthukisa amandla omhlaba wonke ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuba u-opharetha ngokwawo lapholisa izinkampani eziningi kuchungechunge lwemboni ngenxa yokulawula kwayo okuqinile ku-ecosystem yobuchwepheshe, idinga ozakwethu ngokusekelwe kunethiwekhi ye-Sigfox ukuthi babelane ngokuphawulekayo. inani lemali engenayo yesevisi, njll. Futhi namuhla, esikhundleni sokugxila kuphela ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi, i-UnaBiz igxile kakhulu ezimbonini ezibalulekile zokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, ukulungisa isu lokusebenza kubabambiqhaza ababalulekile (abalingani, amakhasimende kanye nabaqhubi be-Sigfox) nokunciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwe-Sigfox ngo. 2/3 ekupheleni kuka-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphela kuka-2021.
I-ZETA
· Vula i-ecology, i-industrial chain synergy development
Ngokungafani ne-LoRa, lapho u-95% wama-chips akhiqizwa yi-Semtech uqobo, imboni ye-chip nemojula ye-ZETA inabahlanganyeli abaningi, okuhlanganisa i-STMicroelectronics (ST), i-Silicon Labs, ne-Socionext phesheya, kanye nabakhiqizi be-semiconductor basekhaya abafana ne-Quanxin Micro, i-Huapu Micro, kanye I-Zhip Micro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ZETA ibambisana ne-socionext, i-Huapu Micro, i-Zhipu Micro, i-DaYu Semiconductor kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bama-chips, abangakhawulelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamamojula we-ZETA, bangalayisensa i-IP kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlelo zokusebenza embonini, benze i-ecology engaphansi evulekile.
· Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhulumi se-ZETA PaaS
Ngeplathifomu ye-ZETA PaaS, abathuthukisi bangakha izixazululo zezimo eziningi; abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe bangabambisana ne-IoT PaaS ukuze bafinyelele uhla olubanzi lwamakhasimende; abakhiqizi bangaxhuma emakethe ngokushesha futhi banciphise izindleko eziphelele. Ukwengeza, ngeplatifomu ye-PaaS, idivayisi ngayinye ye-ZETA ingadabula isigaba nemikhawulo yesimo ukuze ixhumane, ukuze ihlole inani lesicelo sedatha eyengeziwe.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-LPWAN, ikakhulukazi ukuqothuka kanye “nokuvuka” kwe-Sigfox, kungabonakala ukuthi, ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana be-IoT budinga abalingani bochungechunge lwemboni ukuze bathuthuke ngokubambisana futhi bathuthukise ukubamba iqhaza kwababambe iqhaza kanye nemali engenayo. Ngaso leso sikhathi, singabona futhi ukuthi obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-LoRa ne-ZETA nabo bathuthukisa i-ecology.
Ukufingqa, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule lapho kwazalwa ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana futhi umphathi ngamunye wezobuchwepheshe esebenza ngokuhlukana, inkambiso enkulu eminyakeni yamuva imayelana nokuhlangana, okuhlanganisa nokuhambisana kobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana okungenantambo mayelana nokusebenza nokusebenza, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-LPWAN. mayelana nokusebenza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-elementi afana ne-throughput ne-latency, okwakugxilwe kuyo ekuphindaphindweni kobuchwepheshe, manje sekuyizidingo eziyisisekelo, futhi ukugxilwa kokuphindwaphindwa kwezobuchwepheshe manje sekungaphezu kokwandiswa kwesimo kanye nezinsizakalo. Ushintsho esiqondisweni sokuphindaphinda empeleni lusho ukuthi inani lababambe iqhaza embonini liyakhula futhi nemvelo iyathuthuka. Njengesisekelo soxhumano lwe-IoT, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana ngeke bume ekuxhumekeni kwe-"cliché" esikhathini esizayo, kodwa buzoba nemibono emisha eyengeziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-27-2023