Kule Ndebe Yomhlaba, “umpempe ohlakaniphile” ungomunye wemidlalo evelele kakhulu. I-SAOT ihlanganisa idatha yenkundla, imithetho yomdlalo kanye ne-AI ukuze yenze izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinembile ngokuzenzakalelayo ezimweni ze-offside.
Ngenkathi izinkulungwane zabalandeli zihalalisela noma zikhala ngokuphindwa kwezithombe ze-3-D animation, imicabango yami yalandela izintambo zenethiwekhi kanye nemicu ye-optical ngemuva kwe-TV kuya kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abalandeli babuka ngendlela ebushelelezi necacile, inguquko ehlakaniphile efana ne-SAOT nayo iyaqhubeka kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana.
Ngo-2025, i-L4 izogcwaliseka
Umthetho we-offside uyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunzima kakhulu kumpempe ukwenza isinqumo esinembile ngokushesha uma ucabangela izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo zenkundla. Ngakho-ke, izinqumo ze-offside eziphikisanayo zivame ukuvela emidlalweni yebhola.
Ngokufanayo, amanethiwekhi okuxhumana ayizinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukuthembela ezindleleni zabantu ukuhlaziya, ukwahlulela, ukulungisa, nokwenza ngcono amanethiwekhi eminyakeni embalwa edlule kudinga izinsiza eziningi futhi kuthambekele ekuphazamisweni kwabantu.
Okunzima kakhulu ukuthi enkathini yomnotho wedijithali, njengoba inethiwekhi yokuxhumana isibe yisisekelo sokuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezinkulungwane zemigqa namabhizinisi, izidingo zebhizinisi ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu futhi zashintshashintsha, futhi ukuzinza, ukuthembeka kanye nokuguquguquka kwenethiwekhi kuyadingeka kube phezulu, futhi indlela yokusebenza yendabuko yomsebenzi womuntu kanye nokugcinwa kwayo kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina.
Ukwahlulela kabi kwe-offside kungathinta umphumela womdlalo wonke, kodwa kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana, "ukwahlulela kabi" kungenza umqhubi alahlekelwe yithuba lemakethe elishintsha ngokushesha, kuphoqe ukukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi ukuthi kuphazanyiswe, futhi kuthinte ngisho nenqubo yonke yentuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Akukho ukukhetha. Inethiwekhi kumele ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ihlakaniphe. Kulesi simo, opharetha abahamba phambili emhlabeni bazwakalise ukukhala kwenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile. Ngokusho kombiko we-tripartite, ama-91% opharetha bomhlaba wonke afake amanethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ezenzakalelayo ekuhleleni kwawo amasu, kanti opharetha abaphezulu abangaphezu kwe-10 bamemezele umgomo wabo wokufeza i-L4 ngo-2025.
Phakathi kwazo, i-China Mobile isesigabeni sokuqala salolu shintsho. Ngo-2021, i-China Mobile yakhipha iphepha elimhlophe mayelana nenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile, iphakamisa okokuqala embonini umgomo wokufinyelela inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile yezinga le-L4 ngo-2025, iphakamisa ukwakha amandla okusebenza kwenethiwekhi kanye nokugcinwa “kokuzilungiselela, ukuzilungisa kanye nokuzilungiselela” ngaphakathi, kanye nokudala ulwazi lwamakhasimende “lokulinda okungenalutho, ukwehluleka okungenalutho kanye nokuxhumana okungenalutho” ngaphandle.
Ukuziqonda kwe-inthanethi okufana nokuthi “uMmeli Ohlakaniphile”
I-SAOT yakhiwe ngamakhamera, izinzwa ze-in-ball kanye nezinhlelo ze-AI. Amakhamera nezinzwa ezingaphakathi kwebhola ziqoqa idatha ngokugcwele, ngesikhathi sangempela, kuyilapho uhlelo lwe-AI luhlaziya idatha ngesikhathi sangempela futhi lubala ngokunembile indawo. Uhlelo lwe-AI luphinde lufake imithetho yomdlalo ukuze lwenze ngokuzenzakalelayo izingcingo ze-offside ngokwemithetho.
Kukhona ukufana okuthile phakathi kokwenziwa kwe-inthanethi ngokuzenzakalela kanye nokuqaliswa kwe-SAOT:
Okokuqala, inethiwekhi kanye nokuqonda kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokujulile ukuze kuqoqwe izinsiza zenethiwekhi ngokugcwele nangesikhathi sangempela, ukucushwa, isimo sesevisi, amaphutha, izingodo kanye nolunye ulwazi ukuze kuhlinzekwe idatha ecebile yokuqeqeshwa kwe-AI kanye nokucabanga. Lokhu kuhambisana ne-SAOT eqoqa idatha evela kumakhamera nezinzwa ezingaphakathi kwebhola.
Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukufaka ulwazi oluningi olusetshenziswa ngesandla ekususeni nasekulungiseni izithiyo, izincwadi zokusebenza nokulungisa, imininingwane kanye nolunye ulwazi ohlelweni lwe-AI ngendlela ehlangene ukuze kuqedwe ukuhlaziywa okuzenzakalelayo, ukwenza izinqumo kanye nokwenza. Kufana ne-SAOT enikeza umthetho we-offside ohlelweni lwe-AI.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba inethiwekhi yokuxhumana yakhiwe ngama-domain amaningi, isibonelo, ukuvulwa, ukuvimba kanye nokwenza ngcono kwanoma iyiphi insizakalo yeselula kungaqedwa kuphela ngokubambisana kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kwama-subdomain amaningi njengenethiwekhi yokufinyelela engenantambo, inethiwekhi yokudlulisa kanye nenethiwekhi eyinhloko, kanti ubuhlakani benethiwekhi nabo budinga "ukubambisana kwama-domain amaningi". Lokhu kufana neqiniso lokuthi i-SAOT idinga ukuqoqa idatha yevidiyo kanye ne-sensor kusuka ezicini eziningi ukuze yenze izinqumo ezinembe kakhudlwana.
Kodwa-ke, inethiwekhi yokuxhumana iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunendawo yenkundla yebhola, futhi isimo sebhizinisi akuyona "isijeziso se-offside" esisodwa, kodwa sihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi siyashintshashintsha. Ngaphezu kokufana okuthathu okungenhla, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho inethiwekhi iqhubekela phambili ekuhlakanipheni okuzenzakalelayo okuphezulu:
Okokuqala, amafu, inethiwekhi kanye namadivayisi e-NE kudingeka ahlanganiswe ne-AI. Ifu liqoqa idatha enkulu kulo lonke isizinda, liqhuba njalo ukuqeqeshwa kwe-AI kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamamodeli, futhi liletha amamodeli e-AI kungqimba yenethiwekhi kanye namadivayisi e-NE; Ingqimba yenethiwekhi inekhono lokuqeqesha eliphakathi kanye nokucabanga, elingafeza ukuzenzekela okuvaliwe kwe-loop kusizinda esisodwa. I-Nes ingahlaziya futhi yenze izinqumo eduze kwemithombo yedatha, iqinisekise ukuxazulula izinkinga ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwenza ngcono isevisi.
Okwesibili, amazinga ahlangene kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni. Inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile iyinjini yohlelo eyinkimbinkimbi, ehilela imishini eminingi, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nesofthiwe, kanye nabaphakeli abaningi, futhi kunzima ukuxhumanisa i-docking, ukuxhumana kwesizinda esiphakathi nezinye izinkinga. Okwamanje, izinhlangano eziningi, njenge-TM Forum, i-3GPP, i-ITU kanye ne-CCSA, zikhuthaza amazinga enethiwekhi ehlakaniphile, futhi kunenkinga ethile yokuqhekeka ekwakhiweni kwezindinganiso. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izimboni zisebenzisane ukuze kusungulwe amazinga ahlangene futhi avulekile njengokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, isikhombikubona kanye nohlelo lokuhlola.
Okwesithathu, ukuguqulwa kwamakhono. Inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ayiyona nje inguquko yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ingushintsho lwethalente, isiko kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano, okudinga ukuthi umsebenzi wokusebenza nokulungisa uguqulwe kusuka “ekugxileni kwenethiwekhi” kuya “ekugxileni kwebhizinisi”, abasebenzi bokusebenza nokulungisa ukuze bashintshe kusuka emasikweni ehadiwe kuya esikweni sesofthiwe, kanye nokusuka emsebenzini ophindaphindayo kuya emsebenzini wokudala.
I-L3 isendleleni
Ikuphi inethiwekhi ye-Autointelligence namuhla? Sisondele kangakanani ku-L4? Impendulo ingatholakala ezimweni ezintathu zokufika ezethulwe nguLu Hongju, umongameli we-Huawei Public Development, enkulumweni yakhe eNgqungqutheleni ye-China Mobile Global Partner Conference 2022.
Onjiniyela bokulungisa inethiwekhi bayazi ukuthi inethiwekhi ebanzi yasekhaya iyona ebangela ubuhlungu obukhulu emsebenzini wokusebenza nokulungisa womqhubi, mhlawumbe akekho. Yakhiwe inethiwekhi yasekhaya, inethiwekhi ye-ODN, inethiwekhi yabathwali kanye nezinye izizinda. Inethiwekhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zamadivayisi angasebenzi kahle. Kuhlala kunezinkinga ezifana nokuqonda kwesevisi okungezwani, impendulo ehamba kancane, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga okunzima.
Ngenxa yalezi zinkinga, i-China Mobile ibambisene ne-Huawei e-Henan, e-Guangdong, e-Zhejiang nakwezinye izifundazwe. Ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukisa izinsizakalo ze-broadband, ngokusekelwe ekubambisaneni kwehadiwe ehlakaniphile kanye nesikhungo sekhwalithi, ithole umbono onembile wolwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nokubekwa okunembile kwezinkinga zekhwalithi ephansi. Izinga lokuthuthuka kwabasebenzisi bekhwalithi ephansi likhushulwe laya ku-83%, kanti izinga lempumelelo yokumaketha le-FTTR, i-Gigabit namanye amabhizinisi likhushulwe lisuka ku-3% laya ku-10%. Ngokuphathelene nokususwa kwezithiyo zenethiwekhi ye-optical, ukuhlonza okuhlakaniphile kwezingozi ezifihliwe endleleni efanayo kutholakala ngokukhipha ulwazi olucacile lwe-optical fiber scattering kanye nemodeli ye-AI, ngokunemba okungu-97%.
Ngomongo wentuthuko eluhlaza nephumelelayo, ukonga amandla enethiwekhi kuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sabaqhubi bamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo senethiwekhi engenantambo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukugoqana kanye nokumboza okuhlanganisiwe kwebhendi yamaza amaningi kanye nezinga elijwayelekile, ibhizinisi lamaseli ezimweni ezahlukene liyashintshashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthembela endleleni yokwenziwa yokuvala okunembile kokonga amandla.
Ngesikhathi bebhekene nezinselele, izinhlangothi zombili zasebenzisana e-Anhui, e-Yunnan, e-Henan nakwezinye izifundazwe ku-network management layer kanye ne-network element layer ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okumaphakathi kwesiteshi esisodwa ngo-10% ngaphandle kokuthinta ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. I-network management layer yakha futhi ilethe amasu okonga amandla asekelwe kudatha enezinhlangothi eziningi yenethiwekhi yonke. I-NE layer izwa futhi ibikezela izinguquko zebhizinisi kuseli ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi isebenzisa ngokunembile amasu okonga amandla njengokuvala inethiwekhi kanye nezimpawu.
Akunzima ukubona ezimweni ezingenhla ukuthi, njengo-"referee ohlakaniphile" emdlalweni webhola, inethiwekhi yokuxhumana iyaziqonda kancane kancane iziziqonda ngokwayo kusukela ezigcawini ezithile kanye nesifunda esisodwa esizimele ngokusebenzisa "ukuhlanganiswa kokuqonda", "ubuchopho be-AI" kanye "nokubambisana okunezinhlangothi eziningi", ukuze indlela eya ekuziqondeni okuthuthukile kwenethiwekhi icace ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kwe-TM Forum, amanethiwekhi ahlakaniphile e-L3 “angazwa izinguquko endaweni ngesikhathi sangempela futhi azilungise futhi azilungise ngaphakathi kwezobuchwepheshe ezithile zenethiwekhi,” kuyilapho i-L4 “ivumela ukuphathwa okuqagelayo noma okusebenzayo kwamanethiwekhi aqhutshwa ulwazi lwamakhasimende ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuzo zonke izizinda zenethiwekhi eziningi.” Ngokusobala, inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile ezenzakalelayo isondela noma ifinyelela izinga le-L3 njengamanje.
Wonke amasondo amathathu aya ku-L4
Ngakho-ke singayisheshisa kanjani inethiwekhi yobuhlakani ezenzakalelayo iye ku-L4? ULu Hongjiu uthe iHuawei isiza i-China Mobile ukufeza umgomo wayo we-L4 ngo-2025 ngendlela ehlanganisa izindlela ezintathu zokuzimela kwesizinda esisodwa, ukubambisana kwesizinda esiphakathi kanye nokubambisana kwezimboni.
Esicini sokuzimela kwesizinda esisodwa, okokuqala, amadivayisi e-NE ahlanganiswe nokuqonda kanye nokubala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe obusha njenge-iris ebonakalayo kanye namadivayisi okuzwa ngesikhathi sangempela kungeniswa ukuze kufezwe ukuqonda okungashintshi kanye nokwezinga le-millisecond. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bokubala obunamandla aphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubala kokusakaza buhlanganiswe ukuze kufezwe amadivayisi e-NE ahlakaniphile.
Okwesibili, ungqimba lokulawula inethiwekhi nobuchopho be-AI lungahlangana namadivayisi ezinto zenethiwekhi ezihlakaniphile ukuze kufezwe umjikelezo ovaliwe wokuqonda, ukuhlaziya, ukwenza izinqumo kanye nokwenza, ukuze kufezwe umjikelezo ozimele wokuzenzela, ukuzilungisa kanye nokuzilungiselela okuqondiswe ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha kanye nokwenza ngcono inethiwekhi endaweni eyodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isendlalelo sokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi sinikeza isikhombikubona esivulekile esiya enyakatho esendlalelo sokuphathwa kwensizakalo esendlalelo esiphezulu ukuze kube lula ukubambisana phakathi kwesizinda kanye nokuphepha kwensizakalo.
Ngokuphathelene nokubambisana phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene, iHuawei igcizelela ukuqashelwa okuphelele kokuvela kwepulatifomu, ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yebhizinisi kanye nokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi.
Ipulatifomu isuke ohlelweni lokusekela i-smokestack yaya kwipulatifomu ehlakaniphile ehlanganisa idatha yomhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kochwepheshe. Inqubo yebhizinisi isuka ekuqondisweni kwesikhathi esidlule iye kwinethiwekhi, inqubo eqhutshwa ukuhleleka komsebenzi, iye ekuguqulweni kwenqubo yokuxhumana okuqondiswe kokuzwa, okungekho; Ngokuphathelene nokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi, ngokwakha uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwekhodi ephansi kanye nokufingqwa kwe-athomu kwamakhono okusebenza nokugcinwa kanye namakhono enethiwekhi, umkhawulo wokuguqulwa kwabasebenzi be-CT kuya ekuhlakanipheni kwedijithali wehlisiwe, futhi ithimba lokusebenza nokugcinwa lasizwa ukuba liguqukele kumakhono e-DICT ahlanganisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Huawei ikhuthaza ukubambisana kwezinhlangano eziningi ezijwayelekile ukuze kufezwe amazinga ahlangene okwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi okuziqondayo, isikhombimsebenzisi, ukuhlukaniswa, ukuhlolwa nezinye izici. Khuthaza ukuchuma kwemvelo yezimboni ngokwabelana ngolwazi olusebenzayo, ukukhuthaza ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezintathu kanye nesitifiketi, kanye nokwakha amapulatifomu ezimboni; Futhi ubambisane ne-China Mobile smart operation and maintenance sub-chain ukuze kuhlungwe futhi kuxazululwe ubuchwepheshe bezimpande ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bezimpande buzimele futhi buyalawuleka.
Ngokwezinto ezibalulekile zenethiwekhi ezihlakaniphile okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ngokombono wombhali, “i-troika” yeHuawei inesakhiwo, ubuchwepheshe, ukubambisana, amazinga, amakhono, ukumbozwa okuphelele kanye namandla aqondile, okufanele ukukulangazelela.
Inethiwekhi ehlakaniphile iyisifiso esihle kakhulu semboni yezokuxhumana, eyaziwa ngokuthi “izinkondlo nebanga lemboni yezokuxhumana”. Iphinde yabizwa ngokuthi “umgwaqo omude” nokuthi “igcwele izinselelo” ngenxa yenethiwekhi enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi yezokuxhumana kanye nebhizinisi. Kodwa uma sibheka la macala okufika kanye nekhono le-troika lokuyisekela, singabona ukuthi izinkondlo azisaziqhenyi, futhi azikude kakhulu. Ngemizamo ehlangene yemboni yezokuxhumana, igcwele kakhulu iziqhumane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2022