Okwangempela: I-Ulink Media
Umbhali: 旸谷
Muva nje, inkampani ye-semiconductor yaseDashi i-NXP, ngokubambisana nenkampani yaseJalimane i-Lateration XYZ, ithole ikhono lokufinyelela ekubekweni ngokunemba kwezinga le-millimeter kwezinye izinto namadivayisi e-UWB kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-ultra-wideband. Lesi sixazululo esisha siletha amathuba amasha ezimo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza ezidinga ukubekwa nokulandelela okunembile, okuphawula intuthuko ebalulekile emlandweni wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-UWB.
Eqinisweni, ukunemba kwamanje kwezinga lamasentimitha e-UWB, emkhakheni wokubeka izinto kwenziwe ngokushesha, futhi izindleko eziphakeme zehadiwe ziphinde zinikeze abasebenzisi kanye nabahlinzeki bezixazululo amakhanda okuthi bangaxazulula kanjani izinkinga zezindleko kanye nokusabalalisa. Ngalesi sikhathi "gingqa" ezingeni lamamilimitha, ingabe kuyadingeka? Futhi i-UWB ezingeni lamamilimitha izoletha maphi amathuba emakethe?
Kungani kunzima ukufinyelela i-UWB yesikali samamilimitha?
Njengendlela yokubeka izinto ngokunemba okuphezulu, ngokunemba okuphezulu, ngokuphepha okuphezulu, kanye nendlela yokuhlukanisa, ukubeka izinto ngaphakathi kwe-UWB kungafinyelela ngokunemba kwe-millimeter noma ngisho ne-micrometer, kodwa ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, kuhlale ezingeni lamasentimitha isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezici ezilandelayo ezithinta ukunemba kwangempela kokuma kwe-UWB:
1. Umthelela wemodi yokufakwa kwenzwa ekunembeni kokubeka
Enkambisweni yokuxazulula ukunemba kokubeka, ukwanda kwenani lezinzwa kusho ukwanda kolwazi olungafuneki, kanti ulwazi olucebile olungafuneki lunganciphisa kakhulu iphutha lokubeka. Kodwa-ke, ukunemba kokubeka akukhuli ngezinzwa ezinhle kakhulu, futhi lapho inani lezinzwa likhuliswa liye enanini elithile, umnikelo ekunembeni kokubeka awukhulu ngokwanda kwezinzwa. Futhi ukwanda kwenani lezinzwa kusho ukuthi izindleko zemishini ziyanda. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwenani lezinzwa nokunemba kokubeka, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuthunyelwa okunengqondo kwezinzwa ze-UWB kugxile ocwaningweni ngomthelela wokufakwa kwezinzwa ekunembeni kokubeka.
2. Ithonya lomphumela wezindlela eziningi
Izimpawu zokubeka i-UWB ezibanzi kakhulu zibonakaliswa futhi ziphinde zisuswe yimvelo ezungezile njengezindonga, ingilazi, nezinto zangaphakathi njengedeskithophu ngesikhathi senqubo yokusabalala, okuholela emiphumeleni yezindlela eziningi. Isignali iyashintsha ekubambezelekeni, ekuphakameni, nasesigabeni, okuholela ekunciphiseni amandla kanye nokwehla kwesilinganiso sesignali kuya kumsindo, okuholela eqinisweni lokuthi isignali yokuqala efinyelelwe ayiqondile, okubangela amaphutha ahlukahlukene kanye nokwehla kokunemba kokubeka. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela okuphumelelayo komphumela wezindlela eziningi kungathuthukisa ukunemba kokubeka, futhi izindlela zamanje zokucindezela izindlela eziningi zifaka phakathi i-MUSIC, ESPRIT, kanye namasu okuthola umkhawulo.
3. Umthelela we-NLOS
Ukusabalala komugqa wokubona (i-LOS) kungokokuqala, futhi kuyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemiphumela yokulinganisa isignali, lapho izimo eziphakathi kwethagethi yokuma yeselula nesiteshi esiyisisekelo zingahlangatshezwa, ukusabalala kwesignali kungaqedwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezomugqa wokubona ezifana nokugqama kanye nokwehluka. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhathi sokushaqeka kokuqala asimeleli inani langempela le-TOA, futhi isiqondiso sokushaqeka kokuqala akulona inani langempela le-AOA, okuzobangela iphutha elithile lokuma. Njengamanje, izindlela eziyinhloko zokususa iphutha elingelona elomugqa wokubona yindlela ye-Wylie kanye nendlela yokususa ukuhambisana.
4. Umthelela womzimba womuntu ekuqondeni indawo
Ingxenye eyinhloko yomzimba womuntu ngamanzi, amanzi esignalini ye-UWB engenantambo ye-pulse inomphumela oqinile wokumunca, okuholela ekunciphiseni amandla esignali, ukuphambuka kolwazi okuhlukahlukene, kanye nokuthinta umphumela wokugcina wokuma.
5. Umthelela wokungena kwesignali ubuthakathaka
Noma yikuphi ukungena kwesignali ezindongeni nakwezinye izinto kuzobuthakathaka, i-UWB ayihlukile. Lapho ukubeka i-UWB kungena odongeni olujwayelekile lwezitini, isignali izobuthakathaka cishe ngesigamu. Izinguquko esikhathini sokudlulisa isignali ngenxa yokungena odongeni zizothinta nokunemba kokubeka.
Ngenxa yomzimba womuntu, ukungena kwesignali okubangelwa ukunemba komthelela kunzima ukukugwema, i-NXP kanye nenkampani yaseJalimane i-LaterationXYZ bazosebenzisa izixazululo ezintsha zokwakheka kwenzwa ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-UWB, akukaze kube nokuboniswa okuqondile kwemiphumela emisha, ngingakhululwa kuphela kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yezihloko zobuchwepheshe ze-NXP ezedlule ukuze ngenze ukuqagela okufanele.
Ngokuphathelene nesisusa sokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwe-UWB, ngikholwa ukuthi lokhu okokuqala yi-NXP njengomdlali ohamba phambili we-UWB emhlabeni wokubhekana nabakhiqizi basekhaya bamanje bokusungula izinto ezintsha ezinkulu esimweni esiphuthumayo kanye nokuzivikela kobuchwepheshe. Phela, ubuchwepheshe bamanje be-UWB busesesigabeni sokuthuthuka esikhulayo, futhi izindleko, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nobukhulu obuhambisanayo akukakaqiniswa, ngalesi sikhathi, abakhiqizi basekhaya bakhathazeke kakhulu ngemikhiqizo ye-UWB ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze ifike futhi isakazeke, ibambe imakethe, ayinaso isikhathi sokukhathalela ukunemba kwe-UWB ukuthuthukisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha. I-NXP, njengomunye wabadlali abaphezulu emkhakheni we-UWB, inesimiso somkhiqizo esiphelele kanye neminyaka eminingi yokulima ngokujulile amandla obuchwepheshe aqoqwe, ikhululekile kakhulu ukwenza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwe-UWB.
Okwesibili, i-NXP kulokhu ibheke ku-UWB esezingeni lamamilimitha, ibona futhi amandla angenamkhawulo entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ye-UWB futhi iyaqiniseka ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokunemba kuzoletha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha emakethe.
Ngombono wami, inzuzo ye-UWB izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokuthuthuka "kwengqalasizinda entsha" ye-5G, futhi yandise izixhumanisi zayo zenani enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kokuthuthukiswa kwe-5G smart.
Ngaphambilini, kunethiwekhi ye-2G/3G/4G, izimo zokubeka iselula zazigxile kakhulu ezingcingweni eziphuthumayo, ukufinyelela indawo esemthethweni, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, izidingo zokunemba kokubeka aziphezulu, ngokusekelwe ekunembileni kokubeka okuqinile kwe-Cell ID kusukela kumamitha angamashumi kuya kwamakhulu amamitha. Ngenkathi i-5G isebenzisa izindlela ezintsha zokufaka ikhodi, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-beam, ama-antenna array amakhulu, i-millimeter wave spectrum, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bayo obukhulu be-bandwidth kanye ne-antenna array, buhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokulinganisa ibanga elinembile kakhulu kanye nokulinganisa i-angle enembile kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, omunye umjikelezo we-UWB sprint emkhakheni wokunemba usekelwa yisizinda sesikhathi esihambisanayo, isisekelo sobuchwepheshe, kanye namathemba anele ohlelo lokusebenza, futhi lo sprint wokunemba we-UWB ungabhekwa njengokuhlelwa kwangaphambili ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bedijithali.
Yiziphi izimakethe ezizovulwa yi-Millimeter UW?
Njengamanje, ukusatshalaliswa kwemakethe kwe-UWB kubonakala kakhulu ngokusabalala kwe-B-end kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-C-end. Ekusetshenzisweni, i-B-end inezimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa, kanti i-C-end inesikhala esinobuciko sokumbiwa kokusebenza. Ngombono wami, lokhu kusungula okugxile ekusebenzeni kokubeka kuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-UWB ekubekeni okunembile, okungagcini nje ngokuletha impumelelo yokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhona kodwa futhi kudala amathuba e-UWB okuvula isikhala esisha sesicelo.
Emakethe ye-B-end, kumapaki, emafektri, emabhizinisini, nakwezinye izimo, indawo engenantambo yendawo yayo ethile iqinisekile, futhi ukunemba kokubeka kungaqinisekiswa njalo, kuyilapho izigcawu ezinjalo zigcina nesidingo esizinzile sokubona indawo ngokunembile, noma zizoba yi-millimeter-level UWB maduze nje izohloswa ukuze kuzuze imakethe.
Esimweni sokumba, ngokuthuthuka kokwakhiwa kwezimayini ezihlakaniphile, isixazululo sokuhlanganiswa "se-5G+UWB positioning" singenza uhlelo lokumba oluhlakaniphile luqedele ukubeka ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, lufinyelele inhlanganisela ephelele yokuma okunembile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, futhi luqaphele izici zokunemba okuphezulu, umthamo omkhulu kanye nesikhathi eside sokulinda, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusekelwe ekuphathweni kokuphepha kwemayini, ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemayini kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha kwemayini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusekelwe esidingweni esinzima sokuphathwa kokuphepha kwemayini, i-UWB izosetshenziswa nasekuphathweni kwansuku zonke kwabasebenzi, kanye nomzila wemoto. Njengamanje, izwe linesilinganiso esithile sezimayini zamalahle ezingaba ngu-4000 noma ngaphezulu, futhi isidingo esimaphakathi sesiteshi ngasinye sezimayini zamalahle singaba ngu-100 noma ngaphezulu, lapho kungalinganiselwa khona ukuthi isidingo esiphelele sesiteshi sezimayini zamalahle singaba ngu-400,000, inani labavukuzi bamalahle lilonke lingaba abantu abayizigidi ezingu-4 noma ngaphezulu, ngokusho komuntu oyedwa ilebula eli-1, isidingo se-UWB siphawula cishe izigidi ezingu-4 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokusho komsebenzisi wamanje wokuthenga intengo eyodwa yemakethe, imakethe yamalahle emakethe yehadiwe ye-UWB "base station + tag" icishe ibe yizigidigidi ezine ngenani lokukhipha.
Ukumba nokumba izimo ezifanayo ezinobungozi obukhulu kanye nokukhishwa kukawoyela, izitshalo zamandla, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, njll., izidingo zokuphathwa kokuphepha zezidingo zokunemba kokubeka ziphakeme, ukunemba kokubeka kwe-UWB kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga le-millimeter kuzosiza ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zayo ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Ezimweni zokukhiqiza zezimboni, zokugcina impahla, kanye nezokuthutha, i-UWB isibe ithuluzi lokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle. Izisebenzi ezisebenzisa amadivayisi aphathwayo anobuchwepheshe be-UWB zingathola futhi zibeke izingxenye ezahlukene ngokunembile; ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokuphatha oluhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-UWB ekuphathweni kwempahla kungaqapha ngokunembile zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha kanye nabasebenzi ezindaweni zokugcina impahla ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi kufezwe ukulawulwa kwempahla, ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kufezwe ukushintshwa kwezinto ezingenamuntu okusebenzayo nokungafaneleki ngemishini ye-AGV, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukweqa kwe-millimeter ye-UWB kungavula nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha emkhakheni wezokuthutha ngesitimela. Njengamanje, uhlelo lokulawula olusebenzayo lwesitimela luthembele kakhulu ekubekweni kwesathelayithi ukuze luqedele, endaweni engaphansi komhlaba kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme zasemadolobheni, imihosha, nezinye izigcawu, ukubeka isathelayithi kuthambekele ekuhlulekeni. Ubuchwepheshe be-UWB esitimeleni sokubeka nokuzulazula kwe-CBTC, ikholomu ibe ukugwema ukushayisana kanye nesexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokushayisana, ukuma kwesitimela ngokunemba, njll., kunganikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okuthembekile kakhudlwana kokuphepha nokulawula ezokuthutha ngesitimela. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza eYurophu nase-United States lunezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlakazekile.
Emakethe ye-C-terminal, ukuthuthukiswa kokunemba kwe-UWB kuya ezingeni le-millimeter kuzovula izimo ezintsha zohlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kwezihluthulelo zedijithali zendawo yemoto. Isibonelo, ukupaka i-valet okuzenzakalelayo, ukukhokha okuzenzakalelayo, njalo njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, kungabuye "kufunde" amaphethini okunyakaza komsebenzisi kanye nemikhuba yakhe, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bokushayela okuzenzakalelayo.
Emkhakheni wezinto zikagesi zabathengi, i-UWB ingaba ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bama-smartphone ngaphansi kwegagasi lokuxhumana kwezimoto nomshini kokhiye bezimoto zedijithali. Ngaphezu kokuvula isikhala esibanzi sohlelo lokusebenza sokubeka nokusesha imikhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa kokunemba kwe-UWB kungavula nendawo entsha yesicelo yezimo zokuxhumana kwemishini. Isibonelo, ububanzi obunembile be-UWB bungalawula ngokunembile ibanga phakathi kwamadivayisi, ukulungisa ukwakhiwa kwesimo sangempela esithuthukisiwe, ukuze umdlalo, umsindo, kanye nevidiyo kulethe ulwazi olungcono lwezinzwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2023