Amadolobha ahlakaniphile axhumene aletha amaphupho amahle.Emadolobheni anjalo, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali buhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yomphakathi ehlukile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nobuhlakani.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050, amaphesenti angama-70 abantu emhlabeni azobe esehlala emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, lapho impilo izobe inempilo, ijabule futhi iphephile.Okubaluleke kakhulu, ithembisa ukuba luhlaza, ikhadi lokugcina lecilongo lomuntu ngokumelene nokubhujiswa kweplanethi.
Kodwa amadolobha ahlakaniphile awumsebenzi onzima.Ubuchwepheshe obusha buyabiza, ohulumeni basekhaya banezingqinamba, futhi ezombangazwe zishintshela emijikelezweni emifushane yokhetho, okwenza kube nzima ukuzuza imodeli yokuthunyelwa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kakhulu nesebenza kahle ngokwezezimali obusetshenziswa kabusha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke noma kuzwelonke.Eqinisweni, iningi lamadolobha ahlakaniphile ahamba phambili ezihlokweni empeleni ayiqoqo nje lokuhlolwa okuhlukile kobuchwepheshe namaphrojekthi aseceleni kwesifunda, kuncane okulindelwe ukwanda.
Ake sibheke izindawo zokulahla imfucuza nezindawo zokupaka, ezihlakaniphile ngezinzwa nezibalo;Kulo mongo, ukubuyisela ekutshalweni kwezimali (ROI) kunzima ukubala futhi kufane, ikakhulukazi uma ama-ejensi kahulumeni ehlukene kakhulu (phakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinsizakalo ezizimele, kanye naphakathi kwamadolobha, amadolobha, izifunda namazwe).Bheka ukuqapha izinga lomoya;Kulula kanjani ukubala umthelela womoya ohlanzekile ezinsizeni zezempilo edolobheni?Ngokunengqondo, amadolobha ahlakaniphile anzima ukuwasebenzisa, kodwa futhi kunzima ukuwaphika.
Kukhona, nokho, inhlansi yokukhanya enkungu yoshintsho lwedijithali.Ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni kuzo zonke izinsiza zikamasipala kunikeza inkundla amadolobha ukuthola imisebenzi ehlakaniphile futhi ahlanganise izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi okokuqala ngqa.Bheka amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene okukhanyisa emigwaqweni ahlakaniphile asetshenziswa e-San Diego e-US nase-Copenhagen e-Denmark, futhi ayakhula ngenani.Lawa maphrojekthi ahlanganisa izinhlu zezinzwa ezinamayunithi ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezimodulayo agxilwe ezigxotsheni zokukhanya ukuze avumele isilawuli kude sokukhanyisa ngokwaso futhi aqhube eminye imisebenzi, njengezibali zethrafikhi, iziqapha zekhwalithi yomoya, ngisho nezitholi zezibhamu.
Kusukela ekuphakameni kwesigxobo sokukhanya, amadolobha aseqalile ukubhekana "nokuphila" kwedolobha emgwaqeni, okuhlanganisa ukuhamba nokuhamba kwethrafikhi, umsindo nokungcoliswa komoya, kanye namathuba amabhizinisi asafufusa.Ngisho nezinzwa zokupaka, ngokuvamile ezingcwatshwa ezindaweni zokupaka, zingaxhunywa ngokushibhile nangokuphumelelayo nengqalasizinda yokukhanyisa.Wonke amadolobha angaxhunyaniswa ngokuzumayo futhi enziwe ngcono ngaphandle kokumba imigwaqo noma ukuqasha indawo noma ukuxazulula izinkinga zekhompuyutha ezingacacile mayelana nokuphila okunempilo kanye nemigwaqo ephephile.
Lokhu kusebenza ngoba, ezikhathini eziningi, izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile azibalwa ekuqaleni ngokubheja okonga okuvela kuzixazululo ezihlakaniphile.Esikhundleni salokho, ukusebenza kwenguquko yedijithali yasemadolobheni kuwumphumela wengozi wokuthuthukiswa kokukhanyisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukonga amandla okukhipha ama-incandescent amalambu aqinile e-LED, kanye nezinto ezitholakala kalula zikagesi nengqalasizinda yokukhanyisa, kwenza amadolobha ahlakaniphile abe nokwenzeka.
Ijubane lokuguqulwa kwe-LED selivele liyisicaba, futhi ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kuyadlondlobala.Cishe u-90% wezibani zomhlaba eziyizigidi ezingama-363 zizokhanyiswa ama-lead ngo-2027, ngokusho kweNortheast Group, umhlaziyi wengqalasizinda okhaliphile.Ingxenye yesithathu yazo izosebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile, okuwumkhuba owaqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule.Kuze kube yilapho kushicilelwa uxhaso oluningi kanye nemiklamo, ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni kufaneleka kangcono njengengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bedijithali emadolobheni amakhulu ahlakaniphile.
Londoloza izindleko ze-LED
Ngokwemithetho yesithupha ehlongozwe abakhiqizi bokukhanyisa nezinzwa, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kunganciphisa izindleko zokuphatha eziphathelene nengqalasizinda kanye nokunakekela ngamaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwangama-70.Kodwa okuningi kwalokho okonga (cishe amaphesenti angu-50, okwanele ukwenza umehluko) kungabonakala ngokushintshela kuma-LED awonga amandla.Okunye ukongiwa kuvela ekuxhumeni nasekulawuleni izikhanyisi kanye nokudlulisa ulwazi oluhlakaniphile mayelana nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kunethiwekhi yokukhanyisa.
Ukulungiswa okubekwe endaweni eyodwa kanye nokubhekwa kukodwa kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa.Ziningi izindlela, futhi ziyaphelelisana: ukuhlela, ukulawulwa kwezinkathi ezithile zonyaka kanye nokulungiswa kwesikhathi;Ukuxilongwa kwephutha kanye nokuncipha kokuhambela amaloli esondlo.Umthelela uyanda ngosayizi wenethiwekhi yokukhanyisa futhi ugeleza ubuyele esimweni sokuqala se-ROI.Imakethe ithi le ndlela ingazikhokhela cishe eminyakeni emihlanu, futhi inamandla okuzikhokhela ngesikhathi esincane ngokuhlanganisa imiqondo yedolobha “ethambile”, njengaleyo enezinzwa zokupaka, iziqapha zethrafikhi, ukulawula izinga lomoya kanye nezithungatha zezibhamu. .
I-Guidehouse Insights, umhlaziyi wemakethe, ilandelela amadolobha angaphezu kuka-200 ukukala ijubane loshintsho;Ithi ingxenye yesine yamadolobha ikhipha izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile.Ukuthengiswa kwamasistimu ahlakaniphile kuyakhula.Ucwaningo lwe-ABI lubala ukuthi imali engenayo emhlabeni wonke izokweqa ngokuphindwe kashumi iye ku-$1.7 billion ngo-2026.Ingqalasizinda yokukhanyisa emgwaqweni, ehlobene eduze nemisebenzi yabantu, iyindlela eya phambili njengenkundla yamadolobha ahlakaniphile esimweni esibanzi.Kusukela ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokufakwa kwezibani zasemgwaqweni ezintsha zizoboshelwa endaweni yokuphatha emaphakathi ukuze kuhlanganiswe imininingwane evela kuzinzwa eziningi zedolobha elihlakaniphile, kusho i-ABI.
U-Adarsh Krishnan, umhlaziyi oyinhloko kwa-ABI Research, uthe: “Maningi amathuba ebhizinisi abathengisi basemadolobheni abahlakaniphile abasebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-light-pole yasemadolobheni ngokufaka ukuxhumana okungenantambo, izinzwa zemvelo ngisho namakhamera ahlakaniphile.Inselelo iwukuthola amamodeli asebenzayo amabhizinisi akhuthaza umphakathi ukuthi ukhiphe izixazululo zezinzwa eziningi ngesilinganiso ngendlela eyongayo.”
Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi uxhumeke, kodwa kanjani, futhi kungakanani ukuxhuma kwasekuqaleni.Njengoba u-Krishnan ebona, ingxenye yalokhu imayelana namamodeli amabhizinisi, kodwa imali isivele igeleza emadolobheni ahlakaniphile ngokusebenzisa i-cooperative utility privatization (PPP), lapho izinkampani ezizimele zizifaka engcupheni yezezimali ukuze zibuyisele impumelelo emalini ebhizinisini.Izinkontileka ezisuselwe kokubhaliselwe "njengesevisi" zisakaza ukutshalwa kwezimali ngezikhathi zokukhokha, okuphinde kwagqugquzela umsebenzi.
Ngokuphambene, ama-Streetlights e-Europe axhunywe kunethiwekhi yendabuko yezinyosi (ngokuvamile i-2G up to LTE (4G)) kanye nedivayisi evamile ye-HONEYCOMB Iot, i-LTE-M.Ubuchwepheshe be-Proprietary ultra-narrowband (UNB) nabo buzosebenza, kanye ne-Zigbee, ukusabalala okuncane kwe-Bluetooth yamandla aphansi, kanye nokuphuma kokuphuma kwe-IEEE 802.15.4.
I-Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) igcizelela ngokukhethekile amadolobha ahlakaniphile.Leli qembu libikezela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi emadolobheni ahlakaniphile kuzokhula ngokuphindwe kahlanu eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, kuye ezigidini ezingu-230 ngonyaka.Iningi lixhumene nokulandelelwa kwempahla ezindaweni zomphakathi, njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izinkundla zemidlalo, izibhedlela, izitolo ezinkulu kanye neminyuziyamu.Kodwa-ke, i-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi iphinde iqondiswe kumanethiwekhi angaphandle."Isixazululo sokuphathwa kwempahla sithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zedolobha elihlakaniphile futhi sisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zasemadolobheni," kusho i-Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Inhlanganisela Yamasu Amabili Ingcono!
Ubuchwepheshe obunye bunezingxabano zabo, noma kunjalo, ezinye zazo eziye zaxazululwa engxoxweni.Isibonelo, i-UNB iphakamisa imikhawulo eqinile kumashejuli wokulayisha nokulethwa, ekhipha ukusekelwa okufanayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa eziningi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namakhamera azidingayo.Ubuchwepheshe bebanga elifushane ishibhile futhi buhlinzeka ngokusebenza okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni izilungiselelo zokukhanyisa njengenkundla.Okubalulekile, bangaphinda badlale indima eyisipele uma kwenzeka kunqanyulwa isignali ye-WAN, futhi banikeze indlela yokuthi ochwepheshe bafunde izinzwa ngokuqondile ukuze kulungiswe iphutha nokuxilongwa.I-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi, isibonelo, isebenza cishe nawo wonke ama-smartphone emakethe.
Nakuba igridi eminyene ingathuthukisa ukuqina, ukwakheka kwayo kuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibeka izimfuno zamandla eziphakeme kuzinzwa ezixhumene zephoyinti nephoyinti.Ibanga lokudlulisela libuye libe nenkinga;Ukufakwa kusetshenziswa i-Zigbee kanye ne-Bluetooth yamandla aphansi kungamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa kakhulu.Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bebanga elifushane buncintisana futhi bufaneleka kahle izinzwa ezisekelwe kugridi, ezibanzi komakhelwane, zingamanethiwekhi avaliwe adinga ukuthi kusetshenziswe amasango ukuze kudluliselwe amasiginali emuva emafini.
Ukuxhumana kwekhekheba lezinyosi kuvame ukungezwa ekugcineni.Umkhuba wabathengisi bokukhanyisa abahlakaniphile ukusebenzisa i-point-to-cloud honeycomb ukuhlinzeka ngesango lebanga elingu-5 ukuya ku-15 km noma ukumboza idivayisi yenzwa.Ubuchwepheshe bezinyosi buletha ububanzi obukhulu bokudlulisela kanye nokulula;Iphinde inikeze amanethiwekhi angaphandle kweshalofu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha, ngokusho komphakathi waseHive.
U-Neill Young, inhloko ye-Internet of Things Vertical kwa-GSMA, indikimba yemboni emele ama-opharetha enethiwekhi yamaselula, uthe: “Abenzi bezenzo… banayo yonke indawo, ngakho-ke ayidingi ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe ukuxhuma izibani zasemadolobheni nezinzwa. .Kunethiwekhi ye-spectrum ye-honeycomb enelayisensi inokuphepha nokwethembeka, okusho ukuthi opharetha unezimo ezingcono kakhulu, angakwazi ukusekela inani elikhulu lezidingo impilo yebhethri ende kakhulu kanye nokunakekelwa okuncane kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisela lemishini ebiza kancane.”
Kubo bonke ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obukhona, i-HONEYCOMB izobona ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo, ngokusho kwe-ABI.I-buzz emayelana namanethiwekhi e-5G kanye nokuklwebhana kokusingatha ingqalasizinda ye-5G kuye kwashukumisela opharetha ukuba babambe isigxobo sokukhanya futhi bagcwalise izingxenye ezincane zekhekheba lezinyosi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.E-United States, i-Las Vegas ne-Sacramento zisebenzisa i-LTE ne-5G, kanye nezinzwa zedolobha ezihlakaniphile, ezibanini zasemgwaqweni ngabathwali i-AT&T ne-Verizon.I-Hong Kong isanda kwethula uhlelo lokufaka izigxobo zezibani ezisebenza ku-400 5G njengengxenye yohlelo lwayo lwedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqinile kwe-Hardware
U-Nielsen wengeze wathi: “I-Nordic ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yebanga elifushane neyebanga elide enezinhlobo eziningi, ne-nRF52840 SoC yayo esekela amandla aphansi e-Bluetooth, i-Bluetooth Mesh ne-Zigbee, kanye ne-Thread kanye nezinhlelo zokuphathelene ze-2.4ghz.I-Nordic's Honeycomb esekelwe ku-nRF9160 SiP inikeza kokubili ukusekelwa kwe-LTE-M ne-NB-iot.Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obubili kuletha izinzuzo zokusebenza nezindleko. "
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemvamisa kuvumela lawa masistimu ukuthi asebenze ndawonye, neyangaphambili esebenza kubhendi ye-2.4ghz engenamvume futhi eyakamuva isebenza noma yikuphi lapho i-LTE ikhona.Emaza aphansi naphezulu, kukhona ukuhwebelana phakathi komthamo obanzi wendawo kanye namandla amakhulu okudlulisela.Kodwa ezisekelweni zokukhanyisa, ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo bebanga elifushane ngokuvamile busetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izinzwa, amandla ekhompuyutha onqenqemeni asetshenziselwa ukubuka nokuhlaziya, futhi i-honeycomb iot isetshenziselwa ukuthumela idatha emuva emafini, kanye nokulawula inzwa kumazinga aphezulu okulungisa.
Kuze kube manje, imisakazo yebanga elifushane neyebanga elide yengezwe ngokwehlukana, ayikhelwanga ku-silicon chip efanayo.Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye zihlukaniswa ngoba ukwehluleka kwesikhanyisi, inzwa kanye nomsakazo kuhlukile.Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganisa imisakazo ekabili ohlelweni olulodwa kuzoholela ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe obuseduze kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokutholwa, okuyizinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile.
I-Nordic icabanga ukuthi imakethe ihamba ngaleyo ndlela.Le nkampani ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-IoT bebanga elifushane obungenawaya kanye ne-honeycomb ku-hardware nesofthiwe ezingeni lonjiniyela ukuze abakhiqizi bezixazululo bakwazi ukusebenzisa ipheya kanyekanye ekuhlolweni kwezicelo.Ibhodi le-Nordic's DK ye-nRF9160 SiP yakhelwe abathuthukisi ukuthi "benze izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-Honeycomb iot zisebenze";I-Nordic Thingy:91 ichazwe “njengesango eliphelele eliphuma eshalofini” elingasetshenziswa njengendawo yesikhulumi se-off-the-shelf prototyping noma ubufakazi bomqondo wemiklamo yokuqala yomkhiqizo.
Zombili zifaka i-nRF9160 SiP enezinhlobo eziningi ze-honeycomb kanye ne-multi-protocol yebanga elifushane le-nRF52840 SoC.Amasistimu ashumekiwe ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili bokuthunyelwa kwe-IoT yezentengiselwano "senezinyanga" kuphela kude nokudayiswa, ngokusho kweNordic.
UNordic Nielsen uthe: “Inkundla yokukhanyisa idolobha ehlakaniphile isimisiwe bonke lobu buchwepheshe bokuxhumana;imakethe icacile kakhulu indlela yokuhlanganisa ndawonye, sinikeze izixazululo zebhodi lokuthuthukiswa kwabakhiqizi, ukuhlola ukuthi basebenzisana kanjani.Zihlanganiswe zibe yizixazululo zebhizinisi zibalulekile, ngendaba nje yesikhathi. ”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2022