Isihloko esizoxoxa ngawo namuhla sihlobene namakhaya ahlakaniphile.
Uma kukhulunywa ngamakhaya ahlakaniphile, akekho umuntu okufanele angajwayele. Emuva ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, lapho umbhalo we-Intanethi wezinto waqala ukuzalwa, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza, kwakuyikhaya elihlakaniphile.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, i-hardware eyengeziwe ye-smart yekhaya yasungulwa. Lezi zingxenyekazi zibe lula kakhulu empilweni yomndeni futhi zengeze enjabulweni yokuphila.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ocingweni lwakho.
Yebo, le yinkinga yokuvimba kwemvelo esenesikhathi eside yahlasela imboni yasekhaya ehlakaniphile.
Eqinisweni, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-IOT bekulokhu kubonakaliswa ngokuhlukaniswa. Izimo ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza zifana nezimpawu ezihlukile zobuchwepheshe be-IOT. Abanye badinga i-bandwidth enkulu, abanye badinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, abanye bagxile ekuzinweni, kanti abanye bakhathazeke kakhulu ngezindleko.
Lokhu kunikeze ukuhlanganiswa kwe-2/3/4 / 5G, NB-IOT, EMTC, iLora, i-Sigfox, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, iZigbee, Intambo kanye nabanye ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana.
Ikhaya elihlakaniphile, liyisimo esijwayelekile se-LAN, ngobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana okufushane okufana ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-zigbee, njll., Njll.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amakhaya ahlakaniphile abhekiselwe kubasebenzisi abangewona amachwepheshe, abakhiqizi bavame ukwakha amapulatifomu abo nezindawo zokuxhumana ze-UI futhi zamukela ama-protocols wohlelo lokusebenza lokuphathelene nokuphathelene nokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekisa okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi. Lokhu kuholele kwi "Ecosystem War" yamanje.
Izithiyo eziphakathi kwezindlela zemvelo azizange zidale izinkinga ezingapheli zabasebenzisi, kodwa futhi nabathengisi kanye nabathuthukisi - Ukwethula umkhiqizo ofanayo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi nezindleko ezibalulekile.
Ngoba inkinga yezithiyo zemvelo iyinkinga enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwamakhaya ahlakaniphile, imboni isiqale ukusebenza ekutholeni isixazululo sale nkinga.
Ukuzalwa kwento elandelwayo
NgoDisemba 2019, iGoogle ne-Apple yajoyina umfelandawonye we-zigbee kanye nezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-200 nezinkulungwane zochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukukhuthaza uhlelo olusha lwe-application, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Chip Chip (eyaziwa ngeProjekthi Chip (Ikhaya elixhunyiwe nge-IP) Protocol.
Njengoba ubona egameni, i-chip imayelana nokuxhuma ikhaya ngokususelwa ku-prottocols ye-IP. Le protocol yethulwe ngenhloso yokwandisa ukuhambisana kwedivaysi, ukwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi nokushayela imboni phambili.
Ngemuva kokuba iqembu labasebenza eChip lizalwe, uhlelo lwangempela bekuwukudedela okujwayelekile ngo-2020 futhi kwethule umkhiqizo ngo-2021. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, lolu hlelo aluzange lusebenze.
NgoMeyi 2021, i-Zigbee Alliance yashintsha igama layo liye ku-CSA (Ukuxhumana Kumazinga Wokuhlangana). Ngasikhathi sinye, iphrojekthi ye-chip yaqanjwa kabusha ngendaba (okusho ukuthi "isimo, umcimbi, udaba" ngesiShayina).
I-Alliance yaqanjwa kabusha ngoba amalungu amaningi ayenqikaza ukujoyina i-zigbee, futhi i-chip yashintshwa yaba yindaba, mhlawumbe ngoba iZwi le-chip lalidume kakhulu (ekuqaleni kusho ukuthi "chip") futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwa.
Ngo-Okthoba 2022, i-CSA yagcina idedele inguqulo ye-1.0 yephrothokholi ejwayelekile. Ngaphambi nje kwalokhu, ngomhlaka 18 Meyi 2023, inguqulo yabe hlobo 1.1 nayo yadedelwa.
Amalungu e-CSA Consortium ahlukaniswe ngamazinga amathathu: Umsunguli, obambe iqhaza kanye noMbatho. Abaqambi basezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubamba iqhaza ekubhaleni kwe-protocol, amalungu eBhodi Yabameli Bamandla futhi babambe iqhaza ezingeni elithile ebuholini nasezinqumweni ze-Alliance.
I-Google ne-Apple, njengabamele abaqalayo, abanikele kakhulu ekucacisweni kwangempela kwendaba.
I-Google inikele ungqimba wenethiwekhi yayo ye-Smart Yasekhaya ekhona ne-protocol yohlelo lokusebenza kanye nemiyalo yokufakazela ubuqiniso nemiyalo yokusebenza kwedivaysi), ngenkathi i-apula inikezela ngokuphepha kwe-HAp (ukuze i-apula lezokuxhumana kanye nokukhohlisa okuqinile, ukuphepha okuqinile nokuvikeleka).
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni, i-CSA Consortium yaqalwa yizinkampani ezingama-29, ezinabahlanganyeli abangama-282 kanye nabatholi abangama-238.
Kuholwa yimidondoshiya, abadlali bezimboni bathumela ngenkuthalo ngentshiseko impahla yabo yobuhlakani ngendaba futhi bazibophezele ekwakheni imvelo ehlanganisiwe exhunyiwe yomthungo.
I-Protocol Protocol yokwakha
Ngemuva kwayo yonke le nkulumo, siyiqonda kanjani ngqo le ndaba? Buyini ubudlelwano bawo ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, intambo ne-zigbee?
Hhayi ngokushesha kangako, ake sibheke umdwebo:
Lo ngumdwebo wokwakhiwa kwephrothokholi: I-Wi-Fi, intambo, i-Bluetooth (Ble) ne-Ethernet yizindlela ezingaphansi (zomzimba nezokuxhumana zedatha); kuya phezulu yisendlalelo senethiwekhi, kufaka phakathi izivumelwano ze-IP; kuya phezulu yisendlalelo sezokuthutha, kufaka phakathi amaphrothokholi we-TCP ne-UDP; kanye ne-protocol yendaba, njengoba sesivele sikushilo, i-protocol yesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Bluetooth ne-zigbee futhi banenethiwekhi ezinikezele, ukuthutha kanye nezinhlobo zohlelo lokusebenza, ngaphezu kwezivumelwano ezingaphansi.
Ngakho-ke, udaba luyisivumelwano esikhethekile esilinganayo nge-zigbee ne-Bluetooth. Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibalulekile ezibalulekile yi-Wi-Fi, intambo ne-Ethernet (Ethernet).
Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwe-protocol, kudingeka sazi ukuthi i-protocol yendaba yakhelwe ngefilosofi evulekile.
Kungumthombo womthombo ovulekile ongabukwa, asetshenziswe futhi aguqulwe yinoma ngubani ukuze avumelane nezimo ezihlukile zohlelo nezidingo, ezizovumela izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zokubonakala nokwethembeka.
Ukuphepha kodaba protocol nakho kuyiphuzu elikhulu lokuthengisa. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokubethela kwakamuva futhi isekela ukubethelwa kokuphela kokuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi akubiwa noma kuphazanyiswe.
Imodeli yokuxhumana nenethiwekhi
Okulandelayo, sibheka ukuxhumana kwangempela kwendaba. Futhi, lokhu kuboniswa ngumdwebo:
Njengoba umgabiso ekhombisa, udaba yi-Protocol ye-TCP / IP esekwe, ngakho-ke noma yini i-TCP / IP ihlelwe kuyo.
Amadivayisi we-Wi-Fi kanye ne-Ethernet esekela lolu daba protocol angaxhunywa ngqo kwi-router engenantambo. Amadivayisi we-Threw axhase uhlelo lwephrothokholi nangolwazi angaxhunyaniswa namanethiwekhi asuselwa ku-IP afana ne-Wi-Fi nge-Border Rours.
Amadivayisi angakweseki iphrothokholi yendaba, efana namadivaysi e-zigbee noma amadivaysi e-Bluetooth, angaxhunywa kudivayisi yohlobo lwebhuloho (iBridge Bridge / Gateway) ukuguqula i-protocol bese uxhuma kwi-router engenantambo.
Intuthuko Yezimboni endabeni
Indaba imele umkhuba wobuchwepheshe basekhaya obuhle. Njengoba kunje, selutholile ukunakwa okugcwele nokusekelwa ngentshiseko selokhu kwasungulwa.
Umkhakha unethemba elikhulu kakhulu mayelana namathemba wokuthuthukisa udaba. Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva ocwaningisiswe yi-ABI Christian Abi, amadivaysi asekhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 azothengiswa emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030, futhi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinhlobo zedivayisi izohlangabezana nalolu daba.
Indaba njengamanje isebenzisa inqubo yesitifiketi. Abakhiqizi bakhulisa i-Hardware edinga ukuphumelela inqubo yesitifiketi ye-CSA Consortium ukuze bathole lelo sitifiketi sendaba futhi bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ilogo le ndaba.
Ngokusho kwe-CSA, ukucaciswa kwalolu daba kuzosebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zedivayisi ezinjengamaphaneli okulawula, izibani zomnyango, amalambu, ama-thermostats, izimpumputhe kanye namadivayisi wabezindaba, amboze cishe zonke izimo ekhaya elihlakaniphile.
Ukuhlakanipha okuhlakaniphile, imboni isivele inabakhiqizi abambalwa abakhiqizi abayimikhiqizo edlulile isitifiketi sendaba futhi kancane kancane bangena emakethe. Engxenyeni ye-Chip and Module Accerers, kukhona nokusekelwa okuqinile kwendaba.
Ukugcina
Indima enkulu kunazo zonke njengephrothokholi ephezulu ye-Upper-waryer ukudiliza izithiyo phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene kanye nemvelo yemvelo. Abantu abehlukene banemibono ehlukile ngokubaluleka, abanye bakubona njengoMsindisi nabanye abakubona njengesilayidi esihlanzekile.
Okwamanje, lolu daba protocol lusekuqaleni kwezigaba zokuza ezimakethe nobuso obuningi noma ngaphansi kwezinkinga ezithile nezinselelo, njengezindleko eziphakeme kanye nomjikelezo ovuselelayo wokuvuselela amasheya.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuletha ukushaqeka eminyakeni emihle yezinhlelo zezobuchwepheshe zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile. Uma uhlelo oludala lunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe futhi lukhawulela isipiliyoni somsebenzisi, khona-ke sidinga ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuthi bakhuphuke futhi bathathe umsebenzi omkhulu.
Noma ngabe unempumelelo noma cha, asikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa-ke, umbono womkhakha wonke we-Smart Home kanye nomsebenzi wayo yonke inkampani nodokotela embonini ukuhlinzeka ubuchwepheshe bedijithali empilweni yasekhaya futhi uthuthukise ngokuqhubekayo isipiliyoni sokuphila sedijithali sabasebenzisi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ikhaya elihlakaniphile lizophula yonke imijondolo yezobuchwepheshe futhi lingene ngempela kuwo wonke amakhaya.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jun-29-2023