Isihloko esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla siphathelene nezindlu ezihlakaniphile.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezindlu ezihlakaniphile, akekho okufanele angazazi. Ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, lapho umqondo we-Inthanethi yezinto waqala ukuzalwa, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yokusetshenziswa, kwakuyikhaya elihlakaniphile.
Eminyakeni edlule, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bedijithali, kuye kwasungulwa ihadiwe ehlakaniphile yasekhaya eyandayo. Lezi hadiwe zilethe ukulula okukhulu empilweni yomndeni futhi zenezele enjabulweni yokuphila.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi efonini yakho.
Yebo, lena yinkinga yesithiyo semvelo esiye sahlupha imboni yezindlu ezihlakaniphile isikhathi eside.
Eqinisweni, intuthuko yobuchwepheshe be-IoT ibilokhu iphawulwa ukuhlukana. Izimo ezahlukene zohlelo lokusebenza zihambisana nezici ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe be-IoT. Ezinye zidinga i-bandwidth enkulu, ezinye zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ezinye zigxile ekuzinzeni, kanti ezinye zikhathazekile kakhulu ngezindleko.
Lokhu kuholele ekuhlanganisweni kwe-2/3/4/5G, i-NB-IoT, i-eMTC, i-LoRa, i-SigFox, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee, i-Thread kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obuyisisekelo.
I-smart home, nayo, iyisimo se-LAN esijwayelekile, esinobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obufushane njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee, i-Thread, njll., ngezigaba eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amakhaya ahlakaniphile ehloselwe abasebenzisi abangebona ochwepheshe, abakhiqizi bavame ukwakha amapulatifomu abo kanye nezixhumi ze-UI futhi basebenzise izinqubo zokufaka izicelo ezizimele ukuqinisekisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Lokhu kuholele "empini ye-ecosystem" yamanje.
Izithiyo phakathi kwezinhlelo zemvelo azibanganga nje kuphela izinkinga ezingapheli kubasebenzisi, kodwa nakubathengisi nabathuthukisi - ukwethula umkhiqizo ofanayo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zemvelo ezahlukene, okwandisa kakhulu umthwalo womsebenzi kanye nezindleko.
Ngenxa yokuthi inkinga yezithiyo zemvelo iyisithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwezindlu ezihlakaniphile, imboni isiqalile ukusebenza ekutholeni ikhambi lale nkinga.
Ukuzalwa kwephrothokholi ye-Matter
NgoDisemba 2019, i-Google ne-Apple bajoyine i-Zigbee Alliance, bajoyina i-Amazon nezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-200 kanye nezinkulungwane zochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukukhuthaza iphrothokholi entsha yezendlalelo zohlelo lokusebenza, eyaziwa ngokuthi iphrothokholi ye-Project CHIP (Connected Home over IP).
Njengoba ubona egameni, i-CHIP imayelana nokuxhumanisa ikhaya ngokusekelwe kumaphrothokholi e-IP. Le phrothokholi yethulwe ngenhloso yokwandisa ukuhambisana kwedivayisi, ukwenza lula ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nokuqhubela phambili imboni.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kweqembu elisebenzayo le-CHIP, uhlelo lokuqala kwakuwukukhipha indinganiso ngo-2020 bese kwethulwa umkhiqizo ngo-2021. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene, lolu hlelo aluzange luphumelele.
NgoMeyi 2021, i-Zigbee Alliance yashintsha igama layo laba yi-CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphrojekthi ye-CHIP yaqanjwa kabusha yaba yi-Matter (okusho ukuthi "isimo, isenzakalo, udaba" ngesiShayina).
I-Alliance yaqanjwa kabusha ngoba amalungu amaningi ayengabaza ukujoyina i-Zigbee, futhi i-CHIP yashintshwa yaba yi-Matter, mhlawumbe ngoba igama elithi CHIP lalaziwa kakhulu (ekuqaleni lalisho "i-chip") futhi kulula kakhulu ukulikhuhla.
Ngo-Okthoba 2022, i-CSA yagcina ikhiphe inguqulo 1.0 yephrothokholi ejwayelekile ye-Matter. Ngaphambi nje kwalokho, ngomhlaka-18 Meyi 2023, inguqulo 1.1 ye-Matter nayo yakhishwa.
Amalungu e-CSA Consortium ahlukaniswe amazinga amathathu: Umqalisi, Umhlanganyeli kanye noMtholi. Abaqalisi basezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, njengoba bengabokuqala ukuhlanganyela ekubhalweni kwephrothokholi, bangamalungu eBhodi labaQondisi be-Alliance futhi bahlanganyela ngezinga elithile ebuholini nasezinqumweni ze-Alliance.
I-Google ne-Apple, njengabameleli babaqalisi, banegalelo elikhulu ekucacisweni kokuqala kwe-Matter.
I-Google inikele ngesendlalelo sayo senethiwekhi esikhona se-Smart Home kanye nephrothokholi yohlelo lokusebenza i-Weave (isethi yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuqinisekisa kanye nemiyalo yokusebenza kwedivayisi), kuyilapho i-Apple inikele nge-HAP Security (yokuxhumana kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni kanye nokuphathwa kwe-LAN yendawo, ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo nokuphepha okuqinile).
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, i-CSA consortium yasungulwa yizinkampani ezingu-29 sezizonke, kanye nabahlanganyeli abangu-282 kanye nabamukeli abangu-238.
Beholwa yiziqhwaga, abadlali bemboni bathumela ngenkuthalo impahla yabo yobuhlakani ku-Matter futhi bazibophezele ekwakheni uhlelo oluhlangene oluxhumene kahle.
Ukwakhiwa kwephrothokholi kaMatter
Ngemva kwale nkulumo yonke, siyiqonda kanjani kahle iphrothokholi ye-Matter? Iyini ubudlelwano bayo ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Thread kanye ne-Zigbee?
Akusheshi kangako, ake sibheke umdwebo:
Lona umdwebo wokwakhiwa kwephrothokholi: I-Wi-Fi, i-Thread, i-Bluetooth (BLE) kanye ne-Ethernet yiziphrothokholi eziyisisekelo (izendlalelo zesixhumanisi somzimba kanye nedatha); phezulu kukhona ungqimba lwenethiwekhi, kufaka phakathi iziphrothokholi ze-IP; phezulu kukhona ungqimba lwezokuthutha, kufaka phakathi iziphrothokholi ze-TCP kanye ne-UDP; kanti iphrothokholi ye-Matter, njengoba sesishilo kakade, iyiphrothokholi yezendlalelo zohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Bluetooth ne-Zigbee nazo zinezendlalelo zenethiwekhi, ezokuthutha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizinikele, ngaphezu kwezinqubo eziyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Matter iyiphrothokholi ehambisana ne-Zigbee ne-Bluetooth. Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwephrothokholi eyisisekelo esekelwa yi-Matter yi-Wi-Fi, i-Thread kanye ne-Ethernet (i-Ethernet).
Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kwephrothokholi, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi iphrothokholi ye-Matter yaklanywa ngefilosofi evulekile.
Kuyiphrothokholi yomthombo ovulekile engabukwa, isetshenziswe futhi iguqulwe yinoma ubani ukuze ivumelane nezimo nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukene, okuzovumela izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zokucaca nokuthembeka.
Ukuphepha kwephrothokholi ye-Matter nakho kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokuthengisa. Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bokubethela futhi isekela ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi akuntshontshwa noma kuphazanyiswe.
Imodeli yokuxhumana kwe-Matter
Okulandelayo, sibheka ukuxhumana kwangempela kwe-Matter. Futhi, lokhu kuboniswa umdwebo:
Njengoba umdwebo ubonisa, i-Matter iyiphrothokholi esekelwe ku-TCP/IP, ngakho-ke i-Matter iyinoma yini i-TCP/IP eqoqwe kuyo.
Amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi kanye ne-Ethernet asekela iphrothokholi ye-Matter angaxhunywa ngqo ku-router engenantambo. Amadivayisi entambo asekela iphrothokholi ye-Matter angaxhunywa futhi kumanethiwekhi asekelwe ku-IP njenge-Wi-Fi nge-Border Routers.
Amadivayisi angasekeli iphrothokholi ye-Matter, njenge-Zigbee noma amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, angaxhunywa kudivayisi efana nebhuloho (i-Matter Bridge/Gateway) ukuze kuguqulwe iphrothokholi bese kuxhuma ku-router engenantambo.
Intuthuko Yezimboni ku-Matter
I-Matter imelela ukuthambekela kobuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile. Ngakho-ke, ithole ukunakwa okubanzi kanye nokusekelwa ngentshiseko selokhu yasungulwa.
Imboni inethemba elikhulu ngamathuba entuthuko yeMatter. Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva wenkampani yocwaningo lwemakethe i-ABI Research, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-20 axhunywe ngaphandle kwentambo azothengiswa emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030, futhi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi izohlangabezana nencazelo yeMatter.
I-Matter okwamanje isebenzisa indlela yokuqinisekisa. Abakhiqizi bakha ihadiwe edinga ukudlula inqubo yokuqinisekisa ye-CSA consortium ukuze bathole isitifiketi se-Matter futhi bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ilogo ye-Matter.
Ngokusho kwe-CSA, imininingwane ye-Matter izosebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamadivayisi afana namaphaneli okulawula, izingidi zeminyango, izibani, amasokhethi, amaswishi, izinzwa, ama-thermostat, amafeni, izilawuli zesimo sezulu, ama-blinds namadivayisi emidiya, okuhlanganisa cishe zonke izimo ekhaya elihlakaniphile.
Ngokwemboni, imboni kakade inabakhiqizi abaningi abanemikhiqizo yabo ephumelele isitifiketi se-Matter futhi ingena emakethe kancane kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwabakhiqizi be-chip kanye ne-module, kukhona nokusekelwa okunamandla kwe-Matter.
Isiphetho
Indima enkulu ye-Matter njengephrothokholi esezingeni eliphezulu ukubhidliza izithiyo phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene kanye nezindawo zemvelo. Abantu abahlukene banemibono ehlukene nge-Matter, abanye beyibona njengomsindisi kanti abanye beyibona njengesiqalo esiphelele.
Okwamanje, iphrothokholi ye-Matter isesesigabeni sokuqala sokufika emakethe futhi cishe ibhekene nezinkinga nezinselele ezithile, njengezindleko eziphakeme kanye nomjikelezo omude wokuvuselelwa kwesitoko samadivayisi.
Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kuletha ukushaqeka eminyakeni engathandeki yezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe bekhaya ezihlakaniphile. Uma uhlelo oludala lukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe futhi lukhawulela ulwazi lomsebenzisi, khona-ke sidinga ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Matter ukuthi buthathe isinyathelo futhi buthathe umsebenzi omkhulu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Matter izophumelela noma cha, asinakusho ngokuqinisekile. Kodwa-ke, umbono wayo yonke imboni yasekhaya ehlakaniphile kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wenkampani ngayinye kanye nochwepheshe embonini ukunika amandla ubuchwepheshe bedijithali empilweni yasekhaya nokuthuthukisa njalo ulwazi lokuphila kwedijithali lwabasebenzisi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ikhaya elihlakaniphile lizophula zonke izibopho zobuchwepheshe maduze futhi lingene ngempela kuwo wonke amakhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-29-2023