Isihloko esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla sithinta amakhaya ahlakaniphile.
Uma kukhulunywa ngezindlu ezihlakaniphile, akekho umuntu okufanele angazazi.Emuva ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, lapho umqondo we-inthanethi Yezinto uzalwa okokuqala, indawo yesicelo ebaluleke kakhulu, kwakuyikhaya elihlakaniphile.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, kuye kwasungulwa i-hardware ehlakaniphile yekhaya.Lezi zingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha zilethe ukunethezeka okukhulu empilweni yomndeni futhi zengeza enjabulweni yokuphila.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzoba nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi efonini yakho.
Yebo, lena inkinga yokuvimbela imvelo osekunesikhathi eside ihlupha imboni yasekhaya ehlakaniphile.
Eqinisweni, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT bekulokhu kubonakala ngokuhlukana.Izimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza zihambisana nezici ezihlukene zobuchwepheshe be-IoT.Abanye badinga umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu, abanye badinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, abanye bagxile ekuzinzeni, kanti abanye bakhathazeke kakhulu ngezindleko.
Lokhu kudale ukuhlangana kwe-2/3/4/5G, NB-IoT, eMTC, LoRa, SigFox, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Thread nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obuyisisekelo.
I-smart home, yona, iyisimo se-LAN esijwayelekile, esinobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bebanga elifushane njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee, i-Thread, njll., ngezigaba eziningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphambene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amakhaya ahlakaniphile eqondiswe kubasebenzisi abangebona ochwepheshe, abakhiqizi bavame ukuzakhela izinkundla zabo kanye nezindawo zokusebenzelana ze-UI futhi basebenzise izimiso zesendlalelo sobunikazi bobunikazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwazi lomsebenzisi.Lokhu kuholele “empini ye-ecosystem” yamanje.
Izithiyo phakathi kwe-ecosystem azibanganga kuphela izinkinga ezingapheli kubasebenzisi, kodwa futhi kubathengisi nabathuthukisi - ukwethulwa komkhiqizo ofanayo kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-ecosystem, okwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi kanye nezindleko.
Ngenxa yokuthi inkinga yezithiyo zemvelo iyisithiyo esingathi sína ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwamakhaya ahlakaniphile, imboni isiqalile ukusebenzela ukuthola isisombululo sale nkinga.
Ukuzalwa kwephrothokholi ye-Matter
NgoZibandlela wezi-2019, i-Google kanye ne-Apple bajoyine i-Zigbee Alliance, bajoyina i-Amazon kanye nezinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-200 kanye nezinkulungwane zochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ukuze bakhuthaze umthetho olandelwayo omusha wesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza, olwaziwa ngephrothokholi ye-Project CHIP (I-Connected Home over IP).
Njengoba ubona egameni, i-CHIP imayelana nokuxhuma ikhaya ngokusekelwe kumaphrothokholi e-IP.Le phrothokholi yethulwa ngenhloso yokukhulisa ukuhambisana kwedivayisi, ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kube lula, ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabasebenzisi kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili imboni.
Ngemva kokuzalwa kweqembu elisebenzayo le-CHIP, uhlelo lokuqala kwakuwukukhulula izinga ngo-2020 futhi kwethulwe umkhiqizo ngo-2021. Nokho, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, lolu hlelo aluzange lwenzeke.
NgoMeyi 2021, i-Zigbee Alliance yashintsha igama layo laba i-CSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance).Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphrojekthi ye-CHIP yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Matter (okusho ukuthi "isimo, umcimbi, indaba" ngesiShayina).
I-Alliance yaqanjwa kabusha ngenxa yokuthi amalungu amaningi ayemanqikanqika ukujoyina i-Zigbee, futhi i-CHIP yashintshwa yaba yi-Matter, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi igama elithi CHIP lalaziwa kakhulu (ekuqaleni lalisho "chip") futhi kulula kakhulu ukuphahlazeka.
Ngo-Okthoba 2022, i-CSA yagcina ikhiphe inguqulo 1.0 ye-Matter standard protocol.Ngaphambi nje kwalokho, ngomhlaka-18 Meyi 2023, i-Matter version 1.1 nayo yakhululwa.
Amalungu e-CSA Consortium ahlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu: Umqalisi, Umhlanganyeli kanye ne-Adopter.Abaqalisi basezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuba ngabokuqala ukubamba iqhaza ekubhalweni kwesivumelwano, bangamalungu eBhodi Yabaqondisi Benhlangano futhi babamba iqhaza ngezinga elithile ebuholini nasezinqumweni zoMfelandawonye.
I-Google kanye ne-Apple, njengabameleli babaqalisi, babe negalelo elikhulu ekucacisweni kwangaphambili kwe-Matter.
I-Google inikele ngesendlalelo sayo senethiwekhi esikhona se-Smart Home kanye nephrothokholi yohlelo lokusebenza i-Weave (isethi yezindlela zokuqinisekisa ezijwayelekile nemiyalo yokusebenza kwedivayisi), kuyilapho i-Apple inikele ngokuvikeleka kwe-HAP (ngokuxhumana kokugcina kanye nokukhohlisa kwe-LAN yendawo, iqinisekisa ubumfihlo obuqinile nokuphepha. ).
Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva kusizindalwazi esisemthethweni, i-CSA consortium yasungulwa yizinkampani eziphelele ezingama-29, enabahlanganyeli abangama-282 nabangama-238 abamukelayo.
Beholwa iziqhwaga, abadlali bemboni bakhipha impahla yabo yengqondo ngenkuthalo ye-Matter futhi bazibophezele ekwakheni i-ecosystem enkulu ebumbene exhumeke ngaphandle komthungo.
Isakhiwo sephrothokholi ye-Matter
Ngemuva kwayo yonke le nkulumo, siyiqonda kanjani kahle i-Matter protocol?Buyini ubudlelwano bayo ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Thread ne-Zigbee?
Akusheshi kangako, ake sibheke umdwebo:
Lona umdwebo wesakhiwo sephrothokholi: I-Wi-Fi, i-Thread, i-Bluetooth (i-BLE) ne-Ethernet yizimiso eziyisisekelo (izingqimba zezixhumanisi ezibonakalayo nedatha);phezulu ungqimba lwenethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa nezimiso ze-IP;phezulu ungqimba lwezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa izivumelwano ze-TCP ne-UDP;futhi i-Matter protocol, njengoba sesishilo kakade, iyiphrothokholi yesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza.
I-Bluetooth ne-Zigbee nazo zinenethiwekhi ezinikele, izendlalelo zezokuthutha nezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngaphezu kwezimiso eziyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Matter iyiphrothokholi ehambisanayo ene-Zigbee ne-Bluetooth.Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwezinqubo eziyisisekelo ezisekelwa yi-Matter yi-Wi-Fi, i-Thread ne-Ethernet (Ethernet).
Ngokungeziwe ekwakhiweni kwephrothokholi, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi i-Matter protocol yakhelwe ngefilosofi evulekile.
Iphrothokholi yomthombo ovulekile engabukwa, isetshenziswe futhi ilungiswe yinoma ubani ukuze ivumelane nezimo nezidingo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza, ezovumela izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe zokubonisa izinto obala nokwethembeka.
Ukuphepha kwephrothokholi ye-Matter nakho kuyiphoyinti elikhulu lokuthengisa.Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bakamuva bokubethela futhi isekela ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuxhumana kwabasebenzisi akuntshontshwa noma kuphazanyiswe.
Imodeli yenethiwekhi ye-Matter
Okulandelayo, sibheka inethiwekhi yangempela ye-Matter.Futhi, lokhu kuboniswa umdwebo:
Njengoba umdwebo ubonisa, i-Matter iyiphrothokholi esekelwe ku-TCP/IP, ngakho-ke i-Matter iyinoma iyiphi i-TCP/IP eqoqwe kuyo.
Amadivayisi e-Wi-Fi nawe-Ethernet asekela iphrothokholi ye-Matter angaxhunywa ngokuqondile kumzila ongenantambo.Amadivayisi ochungechunge asekela iphrothokholi ye-Matter angaphinda axhumeke kumanethiwekhi asekelwe ku-IP njenge-Wi-Fi nge-Border Routers.
Amadivayisi angayisekeli iphrothokholi ye-Matter, njenge-Zigbee noma amadivayisi e-Bluetooth, angaxhunywa kudivayisi yohlobo lwebhuloho (i-Matter Bridge/Gateway) ukuze aguqule umthetho olandelwayo bese axhumeka kumzila ongenantambo.
Ukuthuthuka kwezimboni ku-Matter
I-Matter imele inkambiso yobuchwepheshe bekhaya elihlakaniphile.Ngakho-ke, isithole ukunakwa okusabalele nokusekelwa ngomdlandla kusukela yasungulwa.
Imboni inethemba elikhulu mayelana nentuthuko ye-Matter.Ngokombiko wakamuva wenkampani yocwaningo lwemakethe i-ABI Research, amadivayisi ahlakaniphile axhumeke ngokungenantambo angaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-20 azothengiswa emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030, futhi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi izohlangabezana nokucaciswa kwe-Matter.
I-Matter okwamanje isebenzisa indlela yesitifiketi.Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezidinga ukudlulisa inqubo yesitifiketi se-CSA consortium ukuze bathole isitifiketi se-Matter futhi bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ilogo ye-Matter.
Ngokusho kwe-CSA, ukucaciswa kwe-Matter kuzosebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zemishini efana namaphaneli okulawula, izingidi zeminyango, izibani, amasokhethi, amaswishi, izinzwa, ama-thermostats, amafeni, izilawuli zesimo sezulu, izimpumputhe kanye namadivayisi wemidiya, amboza cishe zonke izimo ikhaya elihlakaniphile.
Ngokwezimboni, imboni isivele inabakhiqizi abaningi abamikhiqizo yabo isiphumelele isitifiketi se-Matter futhi kancane kancane ingena emakethe.Ngasohlangothini lwabakhiqizi be-chip namamojula, kukhona futhi ukwesekwa okuqinile kwe-Matter.
Isiphetho
Iqhaza elikhulu le-Matter njengephrothokholi yongqimba olungaphezulu ukudiliza imigoqo phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene kanye ne-ecosystem.Abantu abahlukene banemibono eyahlukene nge-Matter, abanye bayibona njengomsindisi kanti abanye bayibheka njengento ehlanzekile.
Okwamanje, iphrothokholi ye-Matter isesigabeni sokuqala sokuza emakethe futhi kancane kancane ibhekene nezinkinga nezinselele ezithile, njengezindleko eziphezulu kanye nomjikelezo omude wokuvuselela isitoko samadivayisi.
Kunoma yikuphi, kuletha ukushaqeka eminyakeni efiphele yezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile.Uma isistimu endala ikhawulela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe futhi ikhawulela ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ngakho-ke sidinga ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-Matter ukuze sikhuphuke futhi sithathe umsebenzi omkhulu.
Ukuthi i-Matter izophumelela noma cha, ngeke sisho ngokuqinisekile.Kodwa-ke, umbono wayo yonke imboni yekhaya elihlakaniphile kanye nesibopho sayo yonke inkampani kanye nochwepheshe embonini ukunika amandla ubuchwepheshe bedijithali empilweni yasekhaya futhi ngokuqhubekayo sithuthukise ulwazi lokuphila kwedijithali lwabasebenzisi.
Ngethemba ukuthi ikhaya elihlakaniphile maduze lizonqamula wonke amaketango obuchwepheshe futhi lingene ngempela kuwo wonke amakhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-29-2023