(Inothi lomhleli: Le ndatshana, ehunyushwe kusuka ku-UlinkMedia.)
Izinzwa ziye zibe ziquitous. Babekhona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi, futhi ngokuvamile ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi Yezinto (IOT). Izinzwa ezihlakaniphile zesimanje ziyatholakala ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezengeziwe kunangaphambili, imakethe iyashintsha, futhi kukhona abashayeli abaningi ukukhula.
Izimoto, amakhamera, ama-Smartphones, kanye nemishini yefektri esekela i-Intanethi yezinto kungenye yezimakethe eziningi zezicelo zezinzwa.
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Izinzwa emhlabeni wenyama ye-Intanethi
Ngokuqala kwe-inthanethi yezinto, ukukhiqizwa kwedijithali (sikubiza ngokuthi imboni 4.0), kanye nemizamo yethu eqhubekayo yokuguqulwa kwedijithali kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho kanye nomphakathi, izinsizakalo ezihlakaniphile zisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene futhi imakethe yezinzwa iyakhula ngokushesha nangokushesha.
Eqinisweni, ngandlela thile, izinzwa ezihlakaniphile "isisekelo sangempela" se-inthanethi sezinto. Kulesi sigaba sokuthunyelwa kwe-IOT, abantu abaningi basachaza i-IOT ngokuya ngamadivayisi we-IOT. I-Intanethi yezinto ivame ukubukwa njengenethiwekhi yamadivayisi axhunyiwe, kufaka phakathi izinzwa ezihlakaniphile. Lawa madivaysi nawo angabizwa ngokuthi amadivayisi wokuzwa.
Ngakho-ke zifaka ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinzwa kanye nezinzwa ezingalinganisa izinto futhi ziguqule lokho ezikulinganisa imininingwane engasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukile. Inhloso kanye nomongo wohlelo lokusebenza (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi kusetshenziswaphi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana) obunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinzwa ezisetshenziswayo.
Izinzwa nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile - yini egameni?
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Izincazelo Izinzwa nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile
Izinzwa namanye amadivayisi we-IOT yisendlalelo sesisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-IOT. Bathwebula imininingwane izinhlelo zethu zidinga futhi bayidlulisele ekuxhumaneni okuphezulu, amasistimu wesikhulumi. Njengoba sichaza engenisweni yethu kubuchwepheshe be-IOT, iphrojekthi ye-IOT "ingasebenzisa izinzwa eziningi. Uhlobo nenombolo yezinzwa ezisetshenzisiwe kuncike kwizidingo zephrojekthi kanye nobuhlakani bephrojekthi. Thatha i-rig ehlakaniphile kawoyela: kungaba namashumi ezinkulungwane zezinzwa.
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Ukuchazwa kwezinzwa
Izinzwa zingabaguquli, njengabantu ababizwa ngokuthi abasebenzayo. Izinzwa ziguqula amandla kusuka kwesinye isimo kuya kwesinye. Ngezinzwa ezihlakaniphile, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinzwa "zingabona" izimo ngaphakathi nangaseduze kwamadivayisi axhumeke kuzo nezinto ezibonakalayo ezizisebenzisayo (izifundazwe).
Izinzwa zingabona futhi zilinganise la mapharamitha, imicimbi, noma izinguquko futhi zizikhulule ezinhlelweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme namanye amadivaysi angasebenzisa idatha yokukhohlisa, ukuhlaziya, njalonjalo.
I-sensor iyithuluzi elithola, izinyathelo, noma noma yiliphi inani elithile lomzimba (njengokukhanya, ukushisa, ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza, ama-pulses afanayo) ngokuwaguqula kunoma iyiphi enye ifomu (ngokuyinhloko ama-pulses e-United Markmarket Cuech Institute).
Amapharamitha kanye nemicimbi izinzwa 'angazibona' futhi zikwazi ukuxhumana zibandakanya amanani omzimba anjenge-light, umsindo, ingcindezi, ubukhona, ukunyakaza, ukunyakaza, ubukhona bezinhlayiya zothuli, njll.
Ngokusobala, izinzwa ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye-Intanethi yezinto futhi zidinga ukunemba kakhulu ngoba izinzwa ziyindawo yokuqala yokuthola idatha.
Lapho inzwa inzwa futhi ithumela imininingwane, i-actuator iyasebenza futhi isebenza. Umfundisi uthola isiginali futhi usetha ukunyakaza okudinga ukuthatha isenzo emvelweni. Lesi sithombe esingezansi sikwenza kubonakaliswe ngokwengeziwe futhi kukhombisa ezinye zezinto esingazizwa ". Izinzwa ze-IOT zihlukile kulokho zithatha uhlobo lwamamojula we-sensor noma amabhodi okuthuthukisa (avame ukuklanywa amacala athile okusetshenziswa kanye nezicelo) nokunye.
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Ukuchazwa kwenzwa ehlakaniphile
Igama elithi "Smart" lisetshenziswe ngamanye amagama amaningi ngaphambi kokuthi lisetshenziswe ne-inthanethi yezinto. Izakhiwo ezi-Smart, Ukuphathwa Kwemfucumfucu E-Smart, amakhaya ahlakaniphile, ama-smart light light, amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ukukhanyisa ama-smart waker, amahhovisi ahlakaniphile, amafektri ahlakaniphile nokunye. Futhi-ke, izinzwa ezihlakaniphile.
Izinzwa ze-Smart ziyehluka ngezinzwa kulolozinzwa ezi-smart amapulatifomu athuthukile nobuchwepheshe be-onboard onjenge-microprocessors, ukugcinwa, ukuxilonga kanye namathuluzi okuxhumanisa ukuguqula amathuluzi we-digital e-Digital (Deloitte)
Ngo-2009, i-Interndeen Frequency Sensors Association (IFSA) ihlole abantu abaningana abavela e-Academia nasezimboni ukuze bachaze inzwa ehlakaniphile. Ngemuva kokushintshwa kwezimpawu zedijithali ngawo-1980s kanye nokungezwa kobuchwepheshe obusha ngo-1990s, izinzwa eziningi zingabizwa ngokuthi izinzwa ezihlakaniphile.
Ama-1990s abuye abona ukuvela komqondo we- "Pervasive Computing", okubhekwa njengento ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-Intanethi yezinto, ikakhulukazi njengentuthuko yekhompyutha eshumekiwe. Cishe maphakathi nawo-1990s, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Digital Electronics kanye nobuchwepheshe be-wireless kumamojula wezinzwa aqhubeka nokukhula, kanye nokudluliselwa kwedatha ngesisekelo sokuzwa nokunye okubaluleke kakhulu. Namuhla, lokhu kubonakala ku-inthanethi yezinto. Eqinisweni, abanye abantu basho amanethiwekhi enzwane ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-Intanethi yezinto. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, kuningi okwenzekile esikhaleni sezinzwa esihlakaniphile ngo-2009.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-04-2021