(Inothi lomhleli: Lesi sihloko, sihunyushwe sisuka ku-ulinkmedia. )
Izinzwa sezigcwele yonke indawo.Zazikhona kudala ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi, futhi impela kudala ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT).Izinzwa zesimanje ezihlakaniphile ziyatholakala ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi kunangaphambili, imakethe iyashintsha, futhi kunezishayeli eziningi zokukhula.
Izimoto, amakhamera, omakhalekhukhwini, nemishini yefekthri esekela i-inthanethi Yezinto kumane kuyimakethe embalwa yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezinzwa.
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Izinzwa ku-Physical World of the Internet
Ngokufika kwe-inthanethi Yezinto, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kokukhiqiza (sikubiza ngokuthi Imboni 4.0), kanye nemizamo yethu eqhubekayo yokuguqulwa kwedijithali kuyo yonke imikhakha yezomnotho nomphakathi, izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ziyasetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene futhi imakethe yezinzwa ukukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha.
Eqinisweni, ngandlela thize, izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ziyisisekelo “sangempela” se-inthanethi Yezinto.Kulesi sigaba sokusatshalaliswa kwe-iot, abantu abaningi basachaza i-iot ngokuya ngamadivayisi e-iot.I-inthanethi Yezinto ivamise ukubukwa njengenethiwekhi yamadivayisi axhunyiwe, okuhlanganisa nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile.Lawa madivaysi angabuye abizwe ngokuthi yimishini yokuzwa.
Ngakho zihlanganisa obunye ubuchwepheshe njengezinzwa nokuxhumana okungalinganisa izinto futhi kuguqule lokho ezikulinganisayo kube idatha engase isetshenziswe ngezindlela ezahlukene.Inhloso nomongo wohlelo lokusebenza (isibonelo, ukuthi iyiphi i-teknoloji yokuxhuma esetshenziswayo) inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinzwa ezisetshenziswayo.
Izinzwa Nezinzwa Ezihlakaniphile - Yini esegameni?
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Izincazelo Zezinzwa Nezinzwa Ezihlakaniphile
Izinzwa namanye amadivaysi e-IoT ayisendlalelo sesisekelo sesitaki sobuchwepheshe be-IoT.Bathwebula idatha edingwa izinhlelo zethu zokusebenza futhi bayidlulisele ekuxhumaneni okuphezulu, amasistimu weplathifomu.Njengoba sichaza esingenisweni sethu sobuchwepheshe be-iot, "iphrojekthi" ye-iot ingasebenzisa izinzwa eziningi.Uhlobo nenombolo yezinzwa ezisetshenzisiwe zincike ezidingweni zephrojekthi kanye nobuhlakani bephrojekthi.Thatha i-oil rig ehlakaniphile: ingaba namashumi ezinkulungwane zezinzwa.
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Incazelo yezinzwa
Izinzwa zingabaguquli, njengalokho okubizwa ngama-actuator.Izinzwa ziguqula amandla ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye.Kuzinzwa ezihlakaniphile, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinzwa zingakwazi “ukuzwa” izimo ngaphakathi naseduze kwemishini ezixhunywe kuyo nezinto ezibonakalayo ezizisebenzisayo (izimo nendawo).
Izinzwa zingathola futhi zilinganise la mapharamitha, imicimbi, noma izinguquko futhi ziwaxhumanise namasistimu ezinga eliphezulu namanye amadivayisi angabese esebenzisa idatha ukuze adukise, ahlaziye, njalo njalo.
Inzwa iyidivayisi ethola, ikala, noma ekhombisa noma yibuphi ubuningi obuthile obuphathekayo (njengokukhanya, ukushisa, ukunyakaza, umswakama, ukucindezela, noma into efanayo) ngokuyiguqulela ibe yinoma iyiphi enye indlela (ikakhulukazi ama-pulses kagesi) (kusuka: I-United Market Isikhungo Sokucwaninga).
Amapharamitha nemicimbi izinzwa “ezingazizwa” futhi zixhumane nayo ihlanganisa ubuningi bomzimba njengokukhanya, umsindo, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, umswakama, ukuba khona kwekhemikhali ethile noma igesi, ukunyakaza, ukuba khona kwezinhlayiya zothuli, njll.
Ngokusobala, izinzwa ziyingxenye ebalulekile Ye-inthanethi Yezinto futhi zidinga ukunemba kakhulu ngoba izinzwa ziyindawo yokuqala yokuthola idatha.
Uma inzwa izwa futhi ithumela ulwazi, i-actuator iyasebenza futhi iyasebenza.I-actuator ithola isignali bese isetha umnyakazo ewudingayo ukuze ithathe isinyathelo endaweni.Isithombe esingezansi sisenza sibonakale kakhudlwana futhi sibonisa ezinye zezinto “esingazizwa” ngazo.Izinzwa ze-IoT zihlukile ngoba zithatha uhlobo lwamamojula wezinzwa noma amabhodi okuthuthukiswa (ngokuvamile aklanyelwe izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza) njalonjalo.
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Incazelo Yenzwa Ehlakaniphile
Igama elithi “smart” lisetshenziswe namanye amagama amaningi ngaphambi kokuthi lisetshenziswe ne-inthanethi Yezinto.Izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza okukhaliphile, amakhaya ahlakaniphile, amalambu ahlakaniphile, amadolobha ahlakaniphile, ukukhanya kwemigwaqo okukhaliphile, amahhovisi ahlakaniphile, izimboni ezihlakaniphile nokunye.Futhi, kunjalo, izinzwa ezihlakaniphile.
Izinzwa ezihlakaniphile zihlukile kuzinzwa ngokuthi izinzwa ezihlakaniphile ziyinkundla ethuthukisiwe enobuchwepheshe bangaphakathi obufana nama-microprocessors, isitoreji, ukuxilonga namathuluzi okuxhumana aguqula amasignali empendulo endabuko abe yimininingwane yedijithali (i-Deloitte)
Ngo-2009, i-International Frequency Sensors Association (IFSA) yenza inhlolovo kubantu abambalwa abavela ezifundweni nasezimbonini ukuze bachaze inzwa ehlakaniphile.Ngemuva kokushintshela kumasignali edijithali ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kanye nokwengezwa kwenqwaba yobuchwepheshe obusha ngeminyaka yawo-1990, izinzwa eziningi zingabizwa ngokuthi izinzwa ezihlakaniphile.
Iminyaka yawo-1990 iphinde yabona ukuvela komqondo “wekhompiyutha egcwele yonke indawo”, okubhekwa njengento ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Intanethi Yezinto, ikakhulukazi njengentuthuko yekhompyutha eshumekiwe.Maphakathi nawo-1990, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-digital electronics kanye nobuchwepheshe obungenawaya kumamojula wezinzwa kwaqhubeka kukhula, futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesisekelo sokuzwa nokunye kwaqala ukubaluleka.Namuhla, lokhu kubonakala ku-inthanethi Yezinto.Eqinisweni, abanye abantu bakhulume ngamanethiwekhi ezinzwa ngaphambi kokuthi igama elithi I-inthanethi Yezinto libe khona.Ngakho-ke, njengoba ubona, kuningi okwenzekile endaweni yenzwa ehlakaniphile ngo-2009.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2021