Amadolobha ahlakaniphile axhumene aletha amaphupho amahle. Emadolobheni anjalo, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali buhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyingqayizivele yomphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nobuhlakani. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2050, ama-70% abantu bomhlaba bazohlala emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, lapho impilo izoba nempilo, ijabule futhi iphephile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuthembisa ukuba luhlaza, ikhadi lokugcina lesintu ngokumelene nokubhujiswa kweplanethi.
Kodwa amadolobha ahlakaniphile awumsebenzi onzima. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buyabiza, ohulumeni basekhaya banqunyelwe, kanti ezombusazwe ziyashintsha ziye emijikelezweni yokhetho emifushane, okwenza kube nzima ukufeza imodeli yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphakathi esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi esebenza kahle ngokwezimali esetshenziswa kabusha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni emhlabeni jikelele noma kuzwelonke. Eqinisweni, iningi lamadolobha ahlakaniphile ahamba phambili ezindabeni empeleni liyiqoqo nje lezilingo zobuchwepheshe ezahlukene kanye namaphrojekthi aseceleni esifunda, futhi kuncane kakhulu ongakulindela ukukwandisa.
Ake sibheke ama-dumpster kanye nezindawo zokupaka, ezihlakaniphile ngezinzwa kanye nokuhlaziya; Kulesi simo, inzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali (i-ROI) kunzima ukuyibala nokuyilinganisa, ikakhulukazi lapho izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlukene kakhulu (phakathi kwezinhlangano zomphakathi nezinsizakalo ezizimele, kanye naphakathi kwamadolobha, amadolobha, izifunda kanye namazwe). Bheka ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya; Kulula kanjani ukubala umthelela womoya ohlanzekile ezinkonzweni zezempilo edolobheni? Ngokunengqondo, amadolobha ahlakaniphile kunzima ukuwasebenzisa, kodwa futhi kunzima ukuwaphika.
Nokho, kukhona ukukhanya okuncane enkungwini yokushintsha kwedijithali. Ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni kuzo zonke izinsizakalo zikamasipala kunikeza ipulatifomu yamadolobha ukuthola imisebenzi ehlakaniphile nokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi okokuqala. Bheka amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene okukhanyisa emgwaqweni ahlakaniphile aqaliswa eSan Diego e-US naseCopenhagen eDenmark, futhi ayanda ngenani. La maphrojekthi ahlanganisa ama-array of sensors anama-modular hardware units aboshwe ezigxotsheni zokukhanya ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulawula kude ukukhanya uqobo kanye nokusebenzisa eminye imisebenzi, njenge-traffic counters, ama-air quality monitors, ngisho nama-gun detectors.
Kusukela phezulu kwensika yokukhanyisa, amadolobha aseqalile ukubhekana "nokuhlala kahle" kwedolobha emgwaqweni, okuhlanganisa ukuhamba kwezimoto nokuhamba, umsindo nokungcoliswa komoya, kanye namathuba ebhizinisi avelayo. Ngisho nezinzwa zokupaka, ezivame ukufihlwa ezindaweni zokupaka, zingaxhunywa ngentengo ephansi nangendlela ephumelelayo nengqalasizinda yokukhanyisa. Amadolobha aphelele angaxhunywa ngokuzumayo futhi athuthukiswe ngaphandle kokumba imigwaqo noma ukuqasha indawo noma ukuxazulula izinkinga zekhompyutha ezingaqondakali mayelana nokuphila okunempilo kanye nemigwaqo ephephile.
Lokhu kuyasebenza ngoba, ikakhulukazi, izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile azibalwa ekuqaleni ngokubheja ekongeni okuvela ezixazululweni ezihlakaniphile. Esikhundleni salokho, ukusebenza kwenguquko yedijithali yasemadolobheni kuwumphumela ongengozi wokuthuthukiswa kokukhanyisa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukonga amandla ngokushintsha amabhalbhu akhanyisayo ngokukhanyisa kwe-LED okuqinile, kanye nezinsiza zikagesi ezitholakala kalula kanye nengqalasizinda yokukhanyisa ebanzi, kwenza amadolobha ahlakaniphile abe nokwenzeka.
Ijubane lokuguqulwa kwe-LED selivele liphansi, futhi ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kuyachuma. Cishe ama-90% ezibani zomgwaqo eziyizigidi ezingu-363 emhlabeni wonke zizobe sezikhanyisiwe ngama-LED ngo-2027, ngokusho kweNortheast Group, umhlaziyi wengqalasizinda ohlakaniphile. Ingxenye yesithathu yazo izosebenzisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile, umkhuba owaqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kuze kube yilapho kushicilelwa uxhaso olukhulu kanye nezinhlelo, ukukhanya komgwaqo kufaneleka kakhulu njengengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bedijithali emadolobheni amakhulu ahlakaniphile.
Londoloza izindleko ze-LED
Ngokwemithetho yesithupha ephakanyiswe abakhiqizi bokukhanyisa nezinzwa, ukukhanya okuhlakaniphile kunganciphisa izindleko zokuphatha nokulungisa ezihlobene nengqalasizinda ngamaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwangu-70. Kodwa iningi lalezo zongongo (cishe amaphesenti angu-50, okwanele ukwenza umehluko) lingatholakala ngokushintshela kuma-LED asebenzisa amandla amaningi. Okunye ukonga kuvela ekuxhumeni nasekulawuleni izibani nokudlulisa ulwazi oluhlakaniphile mayelana nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kunethiwekhi yokukhanyisa.
Ukulungiswa kanye nokubuka okuhlanganisiwe kuphela kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa. Kunezindlela eziningi, futhi ziyahambisana: ukuhlela, ukulawula kwesizini kanye nokulungiswa kwesikhathi; Ukuxilongwa kwephutha kanye nokuncipha kokuba khona kweloli lokulungisa. Umthelela uyanda ngosayizi wenethiwekhi yokukhanyisa futhi ubuyela esimweni sokuqala se-ROI. Imakethe ithi le ndlela ingazikhokhela eminyakeni engaba mihlanu, futhi inamandla okuzikhokhela ngesikhathi esincane ngokufaka imiqondo "ethambile" yedolobha elihlakaniphile, njengaleyo enezinzwa zokupaka, iziqaphi zethrafikhi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomoya kanye nezitholi zezibhamu.
I-Guidehouse Insights, isazi semakethe, ilandelela amadolobha angaphezu kuka-200 ukuze ilinganise ijubane loshintsho; Ithi ingxenye yesine yamadolobha iqala izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile. Ukuthengiswa kwezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile kuyakhuphuka. I-ABI Research ibala ukuthi imali engenayo yomhlaba wonke izokhuphuka ngokuphindwe kayishumi iye ku-$1.7 billion ngo-2026. "Isikhathi sebhalbhu yokukhanya" yomhlaba sinje; Ingqalasizinda yokukhanyisa emigwaqweni, ehlobene kakhulu nemisebenzi yabantu, iyindlela eya phambili njengeplatifomu yamadolobha ahlakaniphile kumongo obanzi. Kusukela ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokufakwa kokukhanyisa emigwaqweni okusha kuzoxhunyaniswa neplatifomu yokuphatha ephakathi ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha evela kuzinzwa eziningi zedolobha ezihlakaniphile, kusho i-ABI.
U-Adarsh Krishnan, umhlaziyi oyinhloko kwa-ABI Research, uthe: “Kunamathuba amaningi ebhizinisi kubathengisi basemadolobheni ahlakaniphile abasebenzisa ingqalasizinda yezibani zasemadolobheni ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okungenantambo, izinzwa zemvelo ngisho namakhamera ahlakaniphile. Inselelo ukuthola amamodeli ebhizinisi asebenzayo akhuthaza umphakathi ukuthi usebenzise izixazululo zezinzwa eziningi ngobukhulu ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.”
Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi kufanele kuxhunywe yini, kodwa ukuthi kufanele kuxhunywe kanjani nokuthi kungakanani kwasekuqaleni. Njengoba uKrishnan ebona, ingxenye yalokhu imayelana namamodeli ebhizinisi, kodwa imali isivele ingena emadolobheni ahlakaniphile ngokusebenzisa ubunikazi bezinkampani ezisebenzisanayo (i-PPP), lapho izinkampani ezizimele zithatha khona ingozi yezezimali ukuze ziphumelele emalini yokuqalisa ibhizinisi. Izinkontileka "njengesevisi" ezisekelwe ekubhaliseni zisakaza utshalomali ngezikhathi zokukhokha, okwakhuthaza nomsebenzi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izibani zasemgwaqweni eYurophu zixhunywe kumanethiwekhi endabuko e-honeycomb (ngokuvamile i-2G kuya ku-LTE (4G)) kanye nedivayisi entsha ye-HONEYCOMB Iot standard, i-LTE-M. Ubuchwepheshe be-proprietary ultra-narrowband (UNB) nabo buyasebenza, kanye ne-Zigbee, i-Bluetooth encane enamandla aphansi, kanye ne-IEEE 802.15.4 derivatives.
I-Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) igcizelela kakhulu amadolobha ahlakaniphile. Leli qembu libikezela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi emadolobheni ahlakaniphile kuzokhula ngokuphindwe kahlanu eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, kufike ku-230 million ngonyaka. Iningi lixhunyaniswe nokulandelela izimpahla ezindaweni zomphakathi, njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izinkundla zemidlalo, izibhedlela, izitolo ezinkulu kanye neminyuziyamu. Kodwa-ke, i-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi ihloselwe namanethiwekhi angaphandle. "Isixazululo sokuphathwa kwempahla sithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zamadolobha ahlakaniphile futhi sisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zasemadolobheni," kusho i-Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamasu Amabili Kungcono!
Ubuchwepheshe ngabunye bunezimpikiswano zabo, nokho, ezinye zazo ezixazululwe engxoxweni. Isibonelo, i-UNB iphakamisa imikhawulo eqinile ekuthwaleni umthwalo kanye neshejuli yokulethwa, isusa ukwesekwa okufanayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezinzwa noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namakhamera azidingayo. Ubuchwepheshe bebanga elifushane bushibhile futhi buhlinzeka ngomphumela omkhulu wokuthuthukisa ukukhanyisa njenge-platform Izilungiselelo. Okubalulekile, zingadlala indima yokusekela uma kwenzeka ukunqanyulwa kwesignali ye-WAN, futhi zinikeze ochwepheshe indlela yokufunda izinzwa ngqo ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha kanye nokuxilonga. I-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi, isibonelo, isebenza cishe nawo wonke ama-smartphone emakethe.
Nakuba igridi ebanzi ingathuthukisa ukuqina, ukwakheka kwayo kuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibeke izidingo zamandla eziphezulu kuma-sensor axhumene ukusuka endaweni kuya endaweni. Ububanzi bokudlulisa buyinkinga futhi; Ukumbozwa okusebenzisa i-Zigbee kanye ne-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi kungamamitha ambalwa kuphela okungenani. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bebanga elifushane buncintisana futhi bufanelekela kahle ama-sensor asekelwe kugridi, angomakhelwane, angamanethiwekhi avaliwe agcina edinga ukusetshenziswa kwamasango ukuze adlulisele izimpawu emuva efwini.
Ukuxhumeka kwe-honeycomb kuvame ukungezwa ekugcineni. Umkhuba wabathengisi bokukhanyisa okuhlakaniphile ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-honeycomb kusuka efwini ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngesango noma idivayisi yenzwa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-5 kuya kwangu-15. Ubuchwepheshe be-Beehive buletha ububanzi obukhulu bokudlulisa kanye nobulula; Buphinde buhlinzeke ngenethiwekhi engaphandle kweshelufu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha, ngokusho komphakathi we-Hive.
UNeill Young, inhloko ye-Internet of Things Vertical e-GSMA, inhlangano yezimboni emele abaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula, uthe: “Abaqhubi bezenzo… banayo yonke indawo, ngakho-ke abadingi ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe yokuxhuma amadivayisi okukhanyisa asedolobheni kanye nezinzwa. Ku-spectrum ye-honeycomb enelayisensi, inethiwekhi ye-honeycomb inokuphepha nokuthembeka, okusho ukuthi umqhubi unezimo ezinhle kakhulu, angasekela inani elikhulu lezidingo, impilo yebhethri ende kakhulu kanye nokugcinwa okuncane kanye nebanga elide lokudlulisela imishini engabizi kakhulu.”
Kuzo zonke ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obutholakalayo, i-HONEYCOMB izobona ukukhula okukhulu eminyakeni ezayo, ngokusho kwe-ABI. Ingxoxo ngamanethiwekhi e-5G kanye nokuzama ukusingatha ingqalasizinda ye-5G kushukumisele abaqhubi ukuthi bathathe isibani sokukhanyisa futhi bagcwalise amayunithi amancane ezinyosi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. E-United States, iLas Vegas neSacramento basebenzisa i-LTE ne-5G, kanye nezinzwa zedolobha ezihlakaniphile, ezibanini zasemgwaqweni ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ze-AT&T neVerizon. I-Hong Kong isanda kwembula uhlelo lokufaka izibani ezingu-400 ezisebenza nge-5G njengengxenye yesinyathelo sayo sedolobha elihlakaniphile.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqinile Kwehadiwe
UNielsen wengeze wathi: “INordic inikeza imikhiqizo yebanga elifushane nelide enemodi eminingi, kanye ne-nRF52840 SoC yayo esekela i-Bluetooth enamandla aphansi, i-Bluetooth Mesh kanye ne-Zigbee, kanye nezinhlelo ze-Thread kanye ne-proprietary 2.4ghz. I-nRF9160 SiP esekelwe ku-Nordic esekelwe ku-Honeycomb inikeza kokubili ukwesekwa kwe-LTE-M kanye ne-NB-iot. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obubili kuletha ukusebenza kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko.”
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemvamisa kuvumela lezi zinhlelo ukuthi zihlale ndawonye, lapho okokuqala kusebenza ebhendini engu-2.4ghz engenamvume kanti okwesibili kusebenza noma ngabe i-LTE ikuphi. Emazameni aphansi naphezulu, kukhona ukuhwebelana phakathi kokumbozwa kwendawo ebanzi kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa. Kodwa ezinkundleni zokukhanyisa, ubuchwepheshe obungenantambo bebanga elifushane buvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa izinzwa, amandla e-edge computing asetshenziselwa ukubuka nokuhlaziya, kanti i-honeycomb iot isetshenziselwa ukuthumela idatha emuva efwini, kanye nokulawula izinzwa ukuze kulungiswe amazinga aphezulu okugcina.
Kuze kube manje, imisakazo emibili yebanga elifushane nelide ingeziwe ngokwehlukana, hhayi eyakhelwe ku-chip efanayo ye-silicon. Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye zihlukaniswe ngoba ukwehluleka kwe-illuminator, i-sensor kanye nomsakazo kuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganisa imisakazo emibili ohlelweni olulodwa kuzoholela ekuhlanganisweni kobuchwepheshe okuseduze kanye nezindleko zokuthenga eziphansi, okuyizinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe emadolobheni ahlakaniphile.
I-Nordic icabanga ukuthi imakethe iya kulolo hlangothi. Le nkampani ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo kanye ne-honeycomb IoT bebanga elifushane kwihadiwe kanye nesofthiwe ezingeni lonjiniyela ukuze abakhiqizi bezixazululo bakwazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinhlelweni zokuhlola. Ibhodi likaNordic i-DK ye-nRF9160 SiP lenzelwe abathuthukisi ukuthi "benze izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ze-Honeycomb iot zisebenze"; i-Nordic Thingy:91 ichazwe njenge "sango eliphelele elingaphandle kweshelufu" elingasetshenziswa njengeplatifomu yokubhala noma ubufakazi bomqondo wemiklamo yemikhiqizo yokuqala.
Zombili zine-multi-mode honeycomb nRF9160 SiP kanye ne-multi-protocol short-range nRF52840 SoC. Izinhlelo ezifakiwe ezihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obubili bokusetshenziswa kwe-IoT kwezentengiselwano ziseduze "nezinyanga" kuphela ukuze zithengiswe, ngokusho kweNordic.
UNordic Nielsen uthe: “Ipulatifomu yokukhanyisa idolobha elihlakaniphile isunguliwe yonke le mishini yokuxhumana; imakethe icacile ukuthi ingazihlanganisa kanjani ndawonye, sinikeze izixazululo zebhodi lokuthuthukisa abakhiqizi, ukuze sihlole ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ndawonye. Zihlanganiswe zibe izixazululo zebhizinisi kubalulekile, ngendaba nje yesikhathi.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-29-2022