Njengoba imakethe ye-IoT ibishisa kakhulu, abathengisi besofthiwe nehadiwe abavela kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila sebeqalile ukugcwala, futhi ngemva kokuba isimo semakethe esihlukene sesicacisiwe, imikhiqizo nezixazululo eziqondile nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza sezivamile. Futhi, ukuze imikhiqizo/izixazululo zihlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi abafanele bangathola ukulawula kanye nemali engenayo eyengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuzicwaninga sebuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungewona amaselula, uma sekukhona imakethe kunezimo eziyikhulu ezichumayo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumana okuncane okungenantambo, kukhona i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, i-Zigbee, i-Z-Wave, i-Thread kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe; ngokuphathelene nenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphansi (i-LPWAN), kukhona ne-Sigfox, i-LoRa, i-ZETA, i-WIoTa, i-Turmass kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe ezihlukile kakhulu.
Okulandelayo, leli phepha lifingqa kafushane isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwamanye ubuchwepheshe obungenhla, futhi lihlaziya ubuchwepheshe ngabunye ngezici ezintathu: ukusungula izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuhlela imakethe, kanye nezinguquko zochungechunge lwemboni ukuze kuxoxwe ngesimo samanje kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo zemakethe yokuxhumana ye-IoT.
Ukuxhumana okuncane okungenantambo: Ukwandiswa kwendawo, ukuxhumana kobuchwepheshe
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo obuncane ngabunye busaqhubeka, futhi izinguquko emsebenzini, ukusebenza kanye nezimo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo zobuchwepheshe ngabunye empeleni zinesambulo esithile endleleni yemakethe. Njengamanje, kukhona into ethile yobuchwepheshe be-To C To B ekuhlolweni kwendawo, kanye nasekuxhumaneni kobuchwepheshe, ngaphezu kokufika kwephrothokholi ye-Matter, ukuxhumana kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene nakho kunenye intuthuko.
I-Bluetooth
· I-Bluetooth 5.4 ikhishwe - Uhlelo Lokufaka Ilebula Lentengo E-elekthronikhi
Ngokusho kwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, i-ESL (Ilebula Lentengo Ye-elekthronikhi) isebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka ikheli ledivayisi (olunezinambambili) oluqukethe i-ID ye-ESL enamadijithi angu-8 kanye ne-ID yeqembu enamadijithi angu-7. Futhi i-ID ye-ESL ihlukile phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yedivayisi ye-ESL ingaqukatha amaqembu afinyelela ku-128, ngalinye liqukethe amadivayisi e-ESL ahlukile afinyelela ku-255 angamalungu alelo qembu. Kalula nje, kuhlelo lokusebenza lwethegi yentengo ye-elekthronikhi, uma kusetshenziswa inethiwekhi ye-Bluetooth 5.4, kungaba namadivayisi e-ESL angu-32,640 kunethiwekhi, ithegi ngayinye ingalawulwa kusukela endaweni yokufinyelela eyodwa.
I-Wi-Fi
· Ukwandiswa kwendawo kuya ezikhiyeni zeminyango ezihlakaniphile, njll.
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezigqokwayo nezikhulumi ezihlakaniphile, imikhiqizo yasekhaya ehlakaniphile njengezinsimbi zomnyango, ama-thermostat, amawashi e-alamu, abenzi bekhofi kanye nama-light bulbs manje axhunywe kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingidi ezihlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuthi zifinyelele kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ukuze zithole izinsizakalo ezengeziwe. I-Wi-Fi 6 inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla ngenkathi ikhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwedatha ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi kanye nokwandisa i-bandwidth.
· Ukubeka i-Wi-Fi kuyasebenza
Njengoba ukunemba kwendawo ye-Wi-Fi manje sekufinyelele ku-1-2m kanye nezindinganiso zesizukulwane sesithathu nesesine ezithuthukiswayo ngokusekelwe kumasevisi endawo ye-Wi-Fi, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-LBS buzokwenza kube nokuthuthuka okukhulu kokunemba ukuze kusebenzele abathengi abaningi, izimboni, amabhizinisi, njll. UDorothy Stanley, umakhi wezindinganiso e-Aruba Networks kanye nosihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group, uthe ubuchwepheshe obusha nobethuthukisiwe be-LBS buzokwenza kube lula indawo ye-Wi-Fi ukuthi ifinyelele ku-0.1m. Ubuchwepheshe obusha nobethuthukisiwe be-LBS buzokwenza kube lula ukubeka i-Wi-Fi kufinyelele ku-0.1m, kusho uDorothy Stanley, umakhi wezindinganiso e-Aruba Networks kanye nosihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
I-Zigbee
· Ukukhishwa koxhumano oluqondile lwe-Zigbee Direct oluhlanganisiwe lwe-Bluetooth kumaselula
Kubathengi, i-Zigbee Direct inikeza indlela entsha yokusebenzisana ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-Bluetooth, okuvumela amadivayisi e-Bluetooth ukufinyelela amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ye-Zigbee ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ifu noma ihabhu. Kulesi simo, inethiwekhi e-Zigbee ingaxhuma ngqo efonini ngobuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth, okuvumela ifoni ukulawula amadivayisi kunethiwekhi ye-Zigbee.
· Ukukhishwa kwe-Zigbee PRO 2023 kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwedivayisi
I-Zigbee PRO 2023 yandisa ukwakheka kwayo kokuphepha ukuze ilinganisele ukusebenza kwe-hub-centric "ngokusebenza nazo zonke izikhumulo", isici esithuthukisa amanethiwekhi aqinile e-hub-centric ngokusiza amadivayisi ukuthi athole i-node yomzali efaneleke kakhulu ukuze ajoyine ngokuphephile futhi ajoyine kabusha inethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengezwa kokusekelwa kwamaza angaphansi kwe-gigahertz aseYurophu (800 Mhz) kanye naseNyakatho Melika (900 MHZ) kunikeza amandla esignali aphezulu kanye nobubanzi ukusekela amacala amaningi okusetshenziswa.
Ngolwazi olungenhla, akunzima ukufeza iziphetho ezimbili, esokuqala ukuthi isiqondiso sokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana sishintsha kancane kancane kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza ukuze sihlangabezane nezidingo zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza futhi sinikeze imikhiqizo emisha kubalingani beqembu lemboni; okwesibili ukuthi ngaphezu kwephrothokholi ye-Matter "ezithiyweni" zokuxhumana, ubuchwepheshe bukhona futhi ekuxhumaneni okunezindlela ezimbili kanye nokusebenzisana.
Yiqiniso, ukuxhumana okuncane okungenantambo njengenethiwekhi yendawo kuyingxenye nje yokuxhumana kwe-IoT, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-LPWAN obushisayo, nabo budonsela ukunaka okukhulu.
I-LPWAN
· Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kochungechunge lwezimboni, isikhala esikhulu semakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle
Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala lapho ubuchwepheshe buqala ukuvela ukuze busetshenziswe futhi buthandwe, kuya ekuphishekeleni kwanamuhla ukusungula izinhlelo ezintsha ukuze kuthathwe izimakethe eziningi, indlela yokuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe ishintsha ngendlela emangalisayo. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana obungenantambo, kuningi okwenzekile emakethe ye-LPWAN eminyakeni yamuva.
I-LoRa
· I-Semtech ithenga i-Sierra Wireless
USemtech, umdali wobuchwepheshe beLoRa, uzohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-LoRa wireless modulation kumamojula eselula eSierra Wireless ngokuthengwa kweSierra Wireless, inkampani egxile kumamojula okuxhumana kwamaselula, futhi ngokuhlanganisa imikhiqizo yalezi zinkampani ezimbili, amakhasimende azokwazi ukufinyelela ipulatifomu yamafu ye-IoT ezosingatha imisebenzi eminingi okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi amakhasimende azokwazi ukufinyelela ipulatifomu yamafu ye-IoT ezosingatha imisebenzi eminingi okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuphepha.
· Amasango ayizigidi eziyi-6, ama-node okuphela ayizigidi ezingama-300
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi i-LoRa ithuthuka ngezindlela ezahlukene ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe ezicini ezahlukene ezweni ngalinye, iChina iqhubekela "ekuxhumaneni kwesifunda" kanye namazwe angaphandle aqhubeka nokwakha ama-WAN amakhulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi ipulatifomu ye-Helium yangaphandle (i-Helium) inikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu kokumbozwa kwesango le-LoRa ngokusekelwe endleleni yomvuzo wempahla yedijithali kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa. Abaqhubi bayo eNyakatho Melika bahlanganisa i-Actility, i-Senet, i-X-TELIA, njll.
I-Sigfox
· Ukuhlangana kanye nokusebenzisana kobuchwepheshe obuningi
Selokhu inkampani ye-IoT yaseSingapore i-UnaBiz yathenga i-Sigfox ngonyaka odlule, inkampani yokuqala ishintshe ukusebenza kwayo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuhlangana kobuchwepheshe, kanti i-Sigfox manje ihlanganisa obunye ubuchwepheshe be-LPWA kanye nobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana obungenantambo ngezinsizakalo zayo. Muva nje, i-UnaBiz ithuthukise ukusebenzisana kwe-Sigfox ne-LoRa.
· Ushintsho Lwemodeli Yebhizinisi
I-UnaBiz yasungula kabusha isu lebhizinisi le-Sigfox kanye nemodeli yalo yebhizinisi. Esikhathini esidlule, isu le-Sigfox lokunquma ukuthuthukisa ikhono lomhlaba wonke lokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene nokuba ngumsebenzisi ngokwalo lapholisa izinkampani eziningi ochungechungeni lwemboni ngenxa yokulawula kwayo okuqinile uhlelo lwezobuchwepheshe, okudinga abalingani abasekelwe kunethiwekhi ye-Sigfox ukuthi babelane ngenani elikhulu lemali engenayo yesevisi, njll. Futhi namuhla, esikhundleni sokugxila kuphela ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi, i-UnaBiz igxile kakhulu ezimbonini ezibalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, ilungisa isu lokusebenza lababambiqhaza ababalulekile (abalingani, amakhasimende kanye nabaqhubi be-Sigfox) futhi inciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwe-Sigfox ngo-2/3 ekupheleni kuka-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphela kuka-2021.
I-ZETA
· I-ecology evulekile, ukuthuthukiswa kokubambisana kochungechunge lwezimboni
Ngokungafani neLoRa, lapho ama-95% ama-chip ekhiqizwa yiSemtech uqobo, imboni yama-chip nama-module ye-ZETA inabahlanganyeli abaningi, okuhlanganisa i-STMicroelectronics (ST), i-Silicon Labs, ne-Socionext kwamanye amazwe, kanye nabakhiqizi be-semiconductor basekhaya njengeQuanxin Micro, i-Huapu Micro, ne-Zhipu Micro. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ZETA ibambisana ne-socionext, i-Huapu Micro, i-Zhipu Micro, i-DaYu Semiconductor kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bama-chip, abangagcini nje ngokusetshenziswa kwama-module e-ZETA, bangafaka ilayisense ye-IP kubakhiqizi bezinhlelo zokusebenza abahlukahlukene embonini, bakha i-ecology evulekile kakhulu.
· Ukuthuthukiswa kweplatifomu ye-ZETA PaaS
Ngeplatifomu ye-ZETA PaaS, abathuthukisi bangakha izixazululo zezimo eziningi; abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe bangabambisana ne-IoT PaaS ukuze bafinyelele amakhasimende amaningi; abakhiqizi bangaxhuma emakethe ngokushesha futhi banciphise izindleko eziphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeplatifomu ye-PaaS, idivayisi ngayinye ye-ZETA ingadlula imikhawulo yesigaba kanye nesimo ukuze ixhumane, ukuze ihlole inani lesicelo sedatha eliningi.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-LPWAN, ikakhulukazi ukuqothuka kanye "nokuvuswa" kwe-Sigfox, kungabonakala ukuthi, ukuze kutholakale ukuxhumana okwengeziwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-IoT budinga abalingani bemboni ukuze bathuthuke ngokubambisana futhi bathuthukise ukubamba iqhaza kwabathintekayo kanye nemali engenayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singabona nokuthi obunye ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-LoRa kanye ne-ZETA nabo buthuthukisa ngenkuthalo i-ecology.
Ngamafuphi, uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule lapho kuzalwa khona ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana futhi umnikazi ngamunye wobuchwepheshe esebenza ngokwehlukana, umkhuba omkhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuhambisana, okuhlanganisa ukuhambisana kobuchwepheshe obuncane bokuxhumana obungenantambo maqondana nokusebenza, kanye nobuchwepheshe be-LPWAN maqondana nokusebenza.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezifana nokudluliselwa kwedatha kanye nokubambezeleka, okwakuyinto eyayigxile ekuphindaphindweni kobuchwepheshe, manje seziyizidingo eziyisisekelo, futhi ukugxila ekuphindaphindweni kobuchwepheshe manje sekusekukhuliseni izimo kanye nezinsizakalo. Ushintsho endleleni yokuphindaphinda empeleni lusho ukuthi inani labahlanganyeli embonini liyakhula futhi i-ecology iyathuthuka. Njengesisekelo sokuxhumeka kwe-IoT, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana ngeke buphele ekuxhumaneni "okujwayelekile" esikhathini esizayo, kodwa buzoba nemibono emisha eyengeziwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-27-2023